Acetanaerobacterium elongatum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Acetanaerobacterium elongatum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 50.5%. Acetanaerobacterium elongatum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Chen2004; Dong2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and paper mill waste water. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Chen2004); (Dong2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.0; tolerates pH 7.5; Grows optimally at pH 6.5-7.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; grows at 42℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; xylose; inulin; cellubiose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Chen2004); (Dong2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; propionate; butyrate; lactate; ethanol; succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Oscillospiraceae Genus:  Acetanaerobacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and paper mill waste water
    DNA G+C(%):  50.5
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    Opt. pH:  6.5-7.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  + Milk:  curdle
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  + Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Cellulose:  neg Ethanol:  neg Gluconate:  neg Methanol:  neg Propanol:  neg Xylan:  neg Hippurate:  neg Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg Malate:  neg Malonate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg Succinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg ArgDH:  + Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    Acetate

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Butyrate:  + Lactate:  + Ethanol:  + Succinate:  + H2S:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACETANAEROBACTERIUM ELONGATUM
  • Chen2004 - Acetanaerobacterium elongatum gen. nov., sp. nov., from paper mill waste water.
  • Dong2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Ruminococcaceae, Genus II. Acetanaerobacterium
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACETANAEROBACTERIUM ELONGATUM
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • deGoffau2013 - Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ACETANAEROBACTERIUM ELONGATUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021