Acetivibrio clariflavus

(aka Clostridium clariflavum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Acetivibrio clariflavus, (aka Clostridium clariflavum), is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 36.9%. Acetivibrio clariflavus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Rainey2011pBergey; Shiratori2009)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and anaerobic sludge. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shiratori2009);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; cellulose;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0-0.7% salt; Grows optimally with 0.4% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; Grows optimally at pH 7.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 55-60℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; cellulose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; α-galactosidase; α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shiratori2009);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; lactate (minor); ethanolminor; succinate (minor); H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • bright yellow

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Acetivibrio Alt. name:  Clostridium clariflavum Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  bright yellow
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and anaerobic sludge
    DNA G+C(%):  36.9
    Opt. T:  55-60℃
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0-0.7(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.5
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Mannose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Cellulose:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Pectin:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Ethanol:  minor Succinate:  minor(+) H2:  + Indole:  d(neg) Pigment:  bright yellow

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACETIVIBRIO CLARIFLAVUS
  • Rainey2011pBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Ruminococcaceae, Genus III. Acetivibrio
  • Luna2016 - Distinct Microbiome-Neuroimmune Signatures Correlate With Functional Abdominal Pain in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  • Izquierdo2014 - Comparative analysis of the ability of Clostridium clariflavum strains and Clostridium thermocellum to utilize hemicellulose and unpretreated plant material.
  • Shiratori2009 - Clostridium clariflavum sp. nov. and Clostridium caenicola sp. nov., moderately thermophilic, cellulose-/cellobiose-digesting bacteria isolated from methanogenic sludge.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACETIVIBRIO CLARIFLAVUS
  • PerisBondia2011 - The active human gut microbiota differs from the total microbiota.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • deGoffau2013 - Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ACETIVIBRIO CLARIFLAVUS
  • Tindall2019 - The names Hungateiclostridium Zhang et al. 2018, Hungateiclostridium thermocellum (Viljoen et al. 1926) Zhang et al. 2018, Hungateiclostridium cellulolyticum (Patel et al. 1980) Zhang et al. 2018, Hungateiclostridium aldrichii (Yang et al. 1990) Zhang et al. 2018, Hungateiclostridium alkalicellulosi (Zhilina et al. 2006) Zhang et al. 2018, Hungateiclostridium clariflavum (Shiratori et al. 2009) Zhang et al. 2018, Hungateiclostridium straminisolvens (Kato et al. 2004) Zhang et al. 2018 and Hungateiclostridium saccincola (Koeck et al. 2016) Zhang et al. 2018 contravene Rule 51b of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes and require replacement names in the genus Acetivibrio Patel et al. 1980
    • Added: April 08, 2021