Acidaminococcus fermentans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Acidaminococcus fermentans is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 23 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 56%. Acidaminococcus fermentans is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Rogosa1969; Galan2000; Russell2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from pig gut, human faeces and clinical sources (abdominal and pulmonary abscesses, bacteremia). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Rogosa1969); (Russell2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • gelatin;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.2-7.5; Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 25℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • fucose; glucose; rhamnose; ribose; cellubiose; lactose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • arginine; cysteine; glutamate; histidine; tryptophan; tyrosine; valine; aconitate; glutamine; 4-aminobenzoate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • phenylalanine; serine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Rogosa1969); (Russell2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • ammonia;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Rogosa1969); (Galan2000); (Russell2011Bergey); (Citron2012); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin; ticarcillin; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime; cefotaxime; ceftazidime; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • moxifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; neomycin; spectinomycin;
  • streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • bile; colistin;
  • NOTES

    A. fermentans is known for its habitation of the gastrointestinal tract and its ability to oxidize trans-aconitate. [PMID: 21304687]

    Acidaminococcus fermentans (strain ATCC 25085 / DSM 20731 / VR4, the type strain) is an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a pig gut. It can utilize amino acids as the sole source of energy for growth, but lactate, fumarate, malate, succinate, citrate, and pyruvate can not serve as energy sources for growth. Acetic and butyric acids and CO2 are produced. Growth is good at 30 to 37 degrees Celsius and poor or negative at 25 and 45 degrees Celsius. The cells do not survive heating at 60 degrees Celsius for 30 min. (Adapted from PMID: 5784223)." [UP000001902]. "The strain described in this report is a nonsporulating, nonmotile. [PMID: 21304687]

  • N/A

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Negativicutes Order:  Acidaminococcales Family:  Acidaminococcaceae Genus:  Acidaminococcus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  pig gut, human faeces and clinical sources (abdominal and pulmonary abscesses, bacteremia)
    DNA G+C(%):  56
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.2-7.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  d(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  d(w) Galactose:  neg Glucose:  d(w) Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  d(w) Ribose:  d(w) Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d(w) Lactose:  d(w) Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  vr Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Ala:  neg Arg:  + Asp:  neg Cys:  + Glu:  + His:  + Ile:  neg Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Met:  neg Phe:  d Pro:  neg Ser:  d Trp:  + Tyr:  d(+) Val:  + Aconitate:  trans(+)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    Amino Acids

    Acetate, Butyrate

    Tricarballylate

    		 H2S:  neg Ammonia:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(1) AqR
    Augmentin:  S(0.5)
    ampicillin:  S(20)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06->32)
    penicillin:  S(0.5) AqR
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.06->128)
    ticarcillin:  S(1) AqR
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06->128)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015–16)
    cefepime:  S(0.015) AqR
    cefotaxime:  S(0.5) AqR
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.25–>128)
    ceftazidime:  S(2) AqR
    cephalothin:  S(0.5)
    kanamycin:  S(1000; disc)
    neomycin:  S(20)
    spectinomycin:  S(20)
    streptomycin:  R(100)
    erythromycin:  S(2)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–16)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(6)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): 2048, MIC90: >8, 192)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06->32)
    colistin:  S(10)
    Bile:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACIDAMINOCOCCUS FERMENTANS
  • Rogosa1969 - Acidaminococcus gen. n., Acidaminococcus fermentans sp. n., Anaerobic Gram-negative Diplococci Using Amino Acids as the Sole Energy Source for Growth.
  • Galan2000 - ACI-1 from Acidaminococcus fermentans: characterization of the first beta-lactamase in Anaerobic cocci.
  • Russell2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Veillonellaceae, Genus III. Acidaminococcus
  • Debyser2016 - Faecal proteomics: A tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis
  • Lozupone2013 - Alterations in the gut microbiota associated with HIV-1 infection
  • Citron2012 - In vitro activities of CB-183,315, vancomycin, and metronidazole against 556 strains of Clostridium difficile, 445 other intestinal anaerobes, and 56 Enterobacteriaceae species.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACIDAMINOCOCCUS FERMENTANS
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • MacFarlane2004 - Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ACIDAMINOCOCCUS FERMENTANS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: February 08, 2021