Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

(aka Achromobacter anitratus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, (aka Achromobacter anitratus), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40-42%. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Bouvet1986; Juni2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients - Alkhalil2017), clinical specimens (wound, urine - CCUG) and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; doesn't grow at 41℃; Grows optimally at 15-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; glucose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • ethanol; melibiose; alanine; β-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; arginine; aspartate; histidine; leucine; ornithine; phenylalanine; proline; tyrosine; acetate; aconitate; adipate; azelate; butyrate; glutarate; DL-lactate; malonate; phenylacetate; 2,3-butanediol; putrescine; tricarballylate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • L-arabinose; trigonelline;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; γ-Glu transferase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Juni2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; aztreonam; ertapenem; penicillin G;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fosfomycin; trimethoprim;
  • NOTES

    Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was formerly known as Achromobacter anitratus. A. calcoaceticus is present as normal flora of the skin and throat of human beings 

  • Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is an opportunistic pathogen that has been reported to have caused serious and sometimes fatal infections

  • Proskuriakova, N. B., Zhigun, E. A., & Shevchuk, V. B. (1982). Acinetobacter colcoaceticus: its properties, identification key and a study of its role in acute intestinal diseases. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii, 3, 100–103.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pseudomonadales Family:  Moraxellaceae Genus:  Acinetobacter Alt. name:  Achromobacter anitratus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients - Alkhalil2017), clinical specimens (wound, urine - CCUG) and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  40-42
    Opt. T:  15-37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  41(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Glucose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanol:  + Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + β-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  + Asp:  + Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  + Leu:  + Lys:  neg Met:  neg Orn:  + Phe:  + Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Trigonelline:  d Trp:  neg Tyr:  + Acetate:  + Aconitate:  + Adipate:  + Azelate:  + Butyrate:  + Glutarate:  + DL-Glycerate:  neg Glycolate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  + L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenylacetate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg LeuAA:  + AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  vr
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Res
    Augmentin:  Res
    ampicillin:  Res
    aztreonam:  Res
    penicillin_G:  Res
    ertapenem:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    chloramphenicol:  Res
    fosfomycin:  Res
    trimethoprim:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACINETOBACTER CALCOACETICUS
  • Bouvet1986 - Taxonomy of the Genus Acinetobacter with the Recognition of Acinetobacter baumannii sp. nov., Acinetobacter haemolyticus sp. nov., Acinetobacter johnsonii sp. nov., and Acinetobacter junii sp. nov. and Emended Descriptions of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter lwoffii.
  • Juni2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria. Family Moraxellaceae, Genus II. Acinetobacter
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACINETOBACTER CALCOACETICUS
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ACINETOBACTER CALCOACETICUS
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021