Acinetobacter haemolyticus

(aka Acinetobacter genomospecies 4)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Acinetobacter haemolyticus, (aka Acinetobacter genomospecies 4), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40-43%. Acinetobacter haemolyticus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Bouvet1986; Juni2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical specimens (sputum, blood - CCUG) and the environment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 41℃; Grows optimally at 15-37℃.
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • glucose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • ethanol; alanine; arginine; histidine; leucine; proline; acetate; butyrate; citrate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; malate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • γ-aminobutyrate; aspartate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • xylosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Juni2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin G;
  • NOTES

    Acinetobacter haemolyticus was first isolated from a human sputum sample.

  • Acinetobacter haemolyticus is very rarely a human pathogen.

  • Piechaud, D., Piechaud, M., & Second, L. (1956). Proteolytic types of Moraxella lwoffi and Moraxella glucidolytica (Bacterium anitratum). Annales de l’Institut Pasteur, 90(4), 517–522.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pseudomonadales Family:  Moraxellaceae Genus:  Acinetobacter Alt. name:  Acinetobacter genomospecies 4 Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical specimens (sputum, blood - CCUG) and the environment
    DNA G+C(%):  40-43
    Opt. T:  15-37℃
    High T(℃):  41(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  d
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Glucose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanol:  + Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  d 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  + Asp:  d Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  + Leu:  + Lys:  neg Met:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Trp:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  trans(neg) Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Butyrate:  + Citrate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg Glycolate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  d(+) Itaconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  neg Malate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  neg L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  d ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin_G:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    chloramphenicol:  d

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACINETOBACTER HAEMOLYTICUS
  • Bouvet1986 - Taxonomy of the Genus Acinetobacter with the Recognition of Acinetobacter baumannii sp. nov., Acinetobacter haemolyticus sp. nov., Acinetobacter johnsonii sp. nov., and Acinetobacter junii sp. nov. and Emended Descriptions of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter lwoffii.
  • Juni2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria. Family Moraxellaceae, Genus II. Acinetobacter
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACINETOBACTER HAEMOLYTICUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021