Acinetobacter johnsonii

(aka Acinetobacter genomospecies 7)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Acinetobacter johnsonii, (aka Acinetobacter genomospecies 7), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 44-45%. Acinetobacter johnsonii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Bouvet1986; Juni2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), human duodenum, clinical sources (blood, larynx, sputum - CCUG) and the environment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe and grows poorly at 37C, but has been found in the faeces of non-hospitalised patients from Leiden (Dijkshoorn2005). Not detected in Europeans with a healthy microbiome (unseenbio.com).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 37(d); doesn't grow at 44℃; Grows optimally at 15-30℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • ethanol; alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; arginine; aspartate; glutamate; proline; acetate; benzoate; butyrate; citrate; DL-lactate; malonate; 2,3-butanediol; glutamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • tyrosine; 4-hydroxybenzoate; L-tartrate; D-malate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Juni2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant

  • Castellani, A., & Chalmers, A. J. (1920). Manual of Tropical Medicine. The Journal of Parasitology, 7(1), 50.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pseudomonadales Family:  Moraxellaceae Genus:  Acinetobacter Alt. name:  Acinetobacter genomospecies 7 Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), human duodenum, clinical sources (blood, larynx, sputum - CCUG) and the environment
    DNA G+C(%):  44-45
    Opt. T:  15-30℃
    Mid T(℃):  37(d)
    High T(℃):  44(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Glucose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanol:  + Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  + Asp:  + Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  neg Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Met:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  d Acetate:  + Aconitate:  trans(neg) Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  + Butyrate:  + Citrate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg Glycolate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  d(neg) Itaconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  neg Maleate:  neg Malonate:  + L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg L-Tartrate:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin_G:  d
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    chloramphenicol:  d

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACINETOBACTER JOHNSONII
  • Bouvet1986 - Taxonomy of the Genus Acinetobacter with the Recognition of Acinetobacter baumannii sp. nov., Acinetobacter haemolyticus sp. nov., Acinetobacter johnsonii sp. nov., and Acinetobacter junii sp. nov. and Emended Descriptions of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter lwoffii.
  • Dijkshoorn2005 - Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and other Acinetobacter spp. in faecal samples from non-hospitalised individuals.
  • Juni2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria. Family Moraxellaceae, Genus II. Acinetobacter
  • Wang2020 - Changes of the Gastric Mucosal Microbiome Associated With Histological Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACINETOBACTER JOHNSONII
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021