Acinetobacter junii

(aka Acinetobacter genomospecies 5)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Acinetobacter junii, (aka Acinetobacter genomospecies 5), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 10 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 42%. Acinetobacter junii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Bouvet1986; Juni2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005) and clinical sources (wound, sputum, urine - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • growth at 41(vr) is variable; Grows optimally at 15-37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • ethanol; alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; arginine; glutamate; histidine; proline; acetate; benzoate; butyrate; citrate; DL-lactate; glutamine; D-malate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • aspartate; tyrosine;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • strain dependent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Juni2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • NOTES

    Acinetobacter junii was first isolated from a human urine sample.

  • Acinetobacter junii is very rarely a human pathogen.

  • Bik, E. M., Eckburg, P. B., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., Purdom, E. A., Francois, F., Perez-Perez, G., Blaser, M. J., & Relman, D. A. (2006). Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(3), 732–737.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pseudomonadales Family:  Moraxellaceae Genus:  Acinetobacter Alt. name:  Acinetobacter genomospecies 5 Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005) and clinical sources (wound, sputum, urine - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  42
    Opt. T:  15-37℃
    High T(℃):  41(vr)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Glucose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanol:  + Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  d(+) 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  + Asp:  d(neg) Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  + Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Met:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  d Acetate:  + Aconitate:  trans(neg) Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  d(+) Butyrate:  + Citrate:  d(+) Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg Glycolate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  neg L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin_G:  Var
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    chloramphenicol:  Var

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACINETOBACTER JUNII
  • Bouvet1986 - Taxonomy of the Genus Acinetobacter with the Recognition of Acinetobacter baumannii sp. nov., Acinetobacter haemolyticus sp. nov., Acinetobacter johnsonii sp. nov., and Acinetobacter junii sp. nov. and Emended Descriptions of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter lwoffii.
  • Dijkshoorn2005 - Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and other Acinetobacter spp. in faecal samples from non-hospitalised individuals.
  • Juni2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria. Family Moraxellaceae, Genus II. Acinetobacter
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACINETOBACTER JUNII
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Frank2007 - Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Pandey2012 - Comparative analysis of fecal microflora of healthy full-term Indian infants born with different methods of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean): Acinetobacter sp. prevalence in vaginally born infants.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021