Acinetobacter lwoffii

(aka Acinetobacter mesopotamicus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Acinetobacter lwoffii, (aka Acinetobacter mesopotamicus), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 46%. Acinetobacter lwoffii is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Bouvet1986; Juni2005Bergey; Acer2020)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), clinical sources (blood, wound, abscess - CCUG), animal sources and the environment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey); (Acer2020);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 3% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 6.5-10.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 41℃; Grows optimally at 25-37℃.
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • glucose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • ethanol; glucose; lactose; xylose; alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; proline; acetate; adipate; azelate; benzoate; butyrate; DL-lactate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • phenylacetate; D-malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bouvet1986); (Juni2005Bergey); (Acer2020);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Juni2005Bergey); (Goldstein2003a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefuroxime;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pseudomonadales Family:  Moraxellaceae Genus:  Acinetobacter Alt. name:  Acinetobacter mesopotamicus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), clinical sources (blood, wound, abscess - CCUG), animal sources and the environment
    DNA G+C(%):  46
    Opt. T:  25-37℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  41(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(+)
    Opt. pH:  6.5-10
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  d(neg) Rhamnose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanol:  + Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  d(+) 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  neg Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Glu:  neg Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  neg Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Met:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  d(+) Azelate:  + Benzoate:  d(+) Butyrate:  + Citrate:  neg Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg Glycolate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  neg Maleate:  neg Malonate:  neg L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenylacetate:  d L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  eng ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg LeuAA:  vr AcidP:  neg DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (1–>16)
    penicillin_G:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (>16)
    cefuroxime:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.5–>32)
    gatifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03–16)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–>16)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.015–>16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (4–>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACINETOBACTER LWOFFII
  • Bouvet1986 - Taxonomy of the Genus Acinetobacter with the Recognition of Acinetobacter baumannii sp. nov., Acinetobacter haemolyticus sp. nov., Acinetobacter johnsonii sp. nov., and Acinetobacter junii sp. nov. and Emended Descriptions of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter lwoffii.
  • Dijkshoorn2005 - Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and other Acinetobacter spp. in faecal samples from non-hospitalised individuals.
  • Juni2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria. Family Moraxellaceae, Genus II. Acinetobacter
  • Li2012 - Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of the microbiota in ulcerated and non-ulcerated regions in the patients with Crohn's disease
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • Acer2020 - Acinetobacter mesopotamicus sp. nov., Petroleum-degrading Bacterium, Isolated from Petroleum-Contaminated Soil in Diyarbakir, in the Southeast of Turkey.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACINETOBACTER LWOFFII
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021