Actinomyces gerencseriae

(aka Actinomyces israelii serotype II)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Actinomyces gerencseriae, (aka Actinomyces israelii serotype II), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, filamentous bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 70-71%. Actinomyces gerencseriae is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Johnson1990)



  • This organism has been recovered from human gingival crevices, abcesses and other clinical specimens. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Johnson1990);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; inositol; mannitol; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • aesculin; starch;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Johnson1990);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; lactate; succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • pyruvate; Hâ‚‚;
  • Haemolysis:
  • gamma
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced by few strains
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2001);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; telithromycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinobacteria Order:  Actinomycetales Family:  Actinomycetaceae Genus:  Actinomyces Alt. name:  Actinomyces israelii serotype II Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Filamentous
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human gingival crevices, abcesses and other clinical specimens
    DNA G+C(%):  70-71
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  curdles
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  d(+) Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d(+) Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  d(+) Aesculin:  d Glycogen:  neg Starch:  d Inositol:  d(+) Mannitol:  d(+) Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  d(+)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–1)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–0.5)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.125)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.06)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–1)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.25–4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–1)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–0.5)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.03->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACTINOMYCES GERENCSERIAE
  • Johnson1990 - Actinomyces georgiae sp. nov., Actinomyces gerencseriae sp. nov., Designation of Two Genospecies of Actinomyces naeslundii, and Inclusion of A. naeslundii serotypes II and III and Actinomyces viscosus serotype II in A. naeslundii Genospecies 2.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACTINOMYCES GERENCSERIAE
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
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    • Added: May 15, 2022