Actinomyces naeslundii

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Actinomyces naeslundii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, filamentous bacterium. It has been detected in at least 11 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 66%. Actinomyces naeslundii is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Henssge2009; Johnson1990; Hansen2009)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (plaque, blood, sinus). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Henssge2009); (Johnson1990); (Hansen2009);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; maltose; sucrose; inositol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • cellubiose; lactose; trehalose; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; Tyr arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Johnson1990); (Hansen2009);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; lactate; succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (AlmaguerFlores2006); (LeCorn2007); (Hansen2009); (Tyrrell2012); (Goldstein2006c); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2000);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • oxacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefotaxime; cefoxitin;
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • moxifloxacin;
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; kanamycin; neomycin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • metronidazole; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Actinomycetales Family:  Actinomycetaceae Genus:  Actinomyces Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Filamentous
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (plaque, blood, sinus)
    DNA G+C(%):  66
    		Aesculin:  d(+) Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Inositol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg α-Arab:  vr Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  d(+) α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg GluDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  vr ArgAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg HisAA:  neg LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg SerAA:  neg TyrAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Succinate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(MIC50): <0.016, MIC90: -, RNG: (<0.016-0.094)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.5)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–0.5)
    oxacillin:  Res
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–2)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.015–0.5)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.5)
    cefalexin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    ceftazidime:  Res
    amikacin:  Res
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Res
    tobramycin:  Res
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    clarithromycin:  Sens
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5–8)
    ciprofloxacin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.06-8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.38, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.094-0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–1)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-16)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–1.0)
    bacitracin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5–8)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    SXT:  Res
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.03->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACTINOMYCES NAESLUNDII
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Gajdacs2020 - The Pathogenic Role of Actinomyces spp. and Related Organisms in Genitourinary Infections: Discoveries in the New, Modern Diagnostic Era.
  • Henssge2009 - Emended description of Actinomyces naeslundii and descriptions of Actinomyces oris sp. nov. and Actinomyces johnsonii sp. nov., previously identified as Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1, 2 and WVA 963.
  • Johnson1990 - Actinomyces georgiae sp. nov., Actinomyces gerencseriae sp. nov., Designation of Two Genospecies of Actinomyces naeslundii, and Inclusion of A. naeslundii serotypes II and III and Actinomyces viscosus serotype II in A. naeslundii Genospecies 2.
  • LeCorn2007 - In Vitro Activity of Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Doxycycline, Metronidazole, and Moxifloxacin Against Oral Actinomyces.
  • Hansen2009 - Actinomyces species: A danish survey on human infections and microbiological characteristics.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ACTINOMYCES NAESLUNDII
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ACTINOMYCES NAESLUNDII
  • Valour2014 - Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management.
    • Added: April 08, 2021