Actinotignum schaalii

(aka Actinobaculum schaalii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Actinotignum schaalii, (aka Actinobaculum schaalii), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. The DNA G+C content is 57%. Actinotignum schaalii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Lawson1997; Yassin2015)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (26-yr-old healthy woman - CCUG) and clinical sources (blood and urine - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Lawson1997); (Yassin2015);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • hippurate;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; ribose; xylose; maltose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • L-arabinose; mannose; starch; sucrose; trehalose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; α-glucosidase; pyroGlu arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Lawson1997);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; succinate;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Barberis2017); (Pedersen2016);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; benzylpenicillin; imipenem; penicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole; trimethoprim;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Actinomycetales Family:  Actinomycetaceae Genus:  Actinotignum Alt. name:  Actinobaculum schaalii Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (26-yr-old healthy woman - CCUG) and clinical sources (blood and urine - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  57
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  d Ribose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  d Glycogen:  neg Starch:  d D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg AlaPheProAA:  + GlyTrpAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  d PyrogluAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  SensRNG: (0.016-2)
    benzyl-pen:  SensRNG: (0.004-0.064)
    penicillin:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): <0.063, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (<0.063-1)
    imipenem:  SensRNG: (0.002-0.125)
    cefotaxime:  SensRNG: (0.008-0.25)
    gentamicin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5-64), MIC90: Var(0.5-64
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 128, RNG: (<0.063-128)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-32)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.063-2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (<0.063-2)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.063-1)
    metronidazole:  R(>256)
    trimethoprim:  R(32)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.064, MIC90: 64, RNG: (<0.016->256)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ACTINOTIGNUM SCHAALII
  • Barberis2017 - Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Actinomyces and related genera reveals an unusual clindamycin resistance among Actinomyces urogenitalis strains.
  • Pedersen2016 - Clinical and microbiological features of Actinotignum bacteremia: a retrospective observational study of 57 cases.
  • Lawson1997 - Characterization of Some Actinomyces-Like Isolates from Human Clinical Specimens: Reclassification of Actinomyces suis (Soltys and Spratling) as Actinobaculum suis comb. nov. and Description of Actinobaculum schaalii sp. nov.
  • Yassin2015 - Dissection of the genus Actinobaculum: Reclassification of Actinobaculum schaalii Lawson et al. 1997 and Actinobaculum urinale Hall et al. 2003 as Actinotignum schaalii gen. nov., comb. nov. and Actinotignum urinale comb. nov., description of Actinotignum sanguinis sp. nov. and emended descriptions of the genus Actinobaculum and Actinobaculum suis; and re-examination of the culture deposited as Actinobaculum massiliense CCUG 47753T ( = DSM 19118T), revealing that it does not represent a strain of this species.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ACTINOTIGNUM SCHAALII
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: July 12, 2021