Aerococcus viridans

(aka Pediococcus urinaeequi)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Aerococcus viridans, (aka Pediococcus urinaeequi), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic, non-motile, tetrad bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Aerococcus viridans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kerbaugh1968; Tohno2014; Collins2011aBergey; Terekhov2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, dog faeces, and clinical sources (blood, urine, wound - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kerbaugh1968); (Tohno2014); (Collins2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; hippurate;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Strain-dependent growth
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; glycerol; mannitol; sorbitol; α-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • hippurate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • pyroGlu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Tohno2014); (Collins2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Ezechukwu2019); (Collins2011aBergey); (Citron2012a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; meropenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • cefotaxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • moxifloxacin;
  • levofloxacin; ofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • linezolid; colistin;
  • NOTES

    Aerococcus viridans was isolated from an air sample.

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Aerococcaceae Genus:  Aerococcus Alt. name:  Pediococcus urinaeequi Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  microaerophilic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Tetrad
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, dog faeces, and clinical sources (blood, urine, wound - CCUG)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  d
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d(+) Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d(+) Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Hippurate:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg GluDC:  neg LeuAP:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg ValAP:  neg AlanineAA:  vr AlaPheProAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyTrpAA:  neg GlyAA:  vr LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  d AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.125–0.125)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.125–0.125)
    penicillin:  Res
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25–0.25)
    meropenem:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  Res
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25–32)
    tobramycin:  Res
    fidaxomicin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–16)
    linezolid:  Res
    levofloxacin:  Res
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–>8)
    ofloxacin:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Res
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25–0.5)
    bacitracin:  Res
    SXT:  Res
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    colistin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR AEROCOCCUS VIRIDANS
  • Ezechukwu2019 - Aerococcus Viridans: Case Report, Microbiology, and Literature Review.
  • Kerbaugh1968 - Aerococcus viridans in the Hospital Environment.
  • Tohno2014 - Aerococcus vaginalis sp. nov., isolated from the vaginal mucosa of a beef cow, and emended descriptions of Aerococcus suis, Aerococcus viridans, Aerococcus urinaeequi, Aerococcus urinaehominis, Aerococcus urinae, Aerococcus christensenii and Aerococcus sanguinicola.
  • Collins2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Aerococcaceae, Genus I. Aerococcus
  • Terekhov2018 - Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR AEROCOCCUS VIRIDANS
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR AEROCOCCUS VIRIDANS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021