Afipia birgiae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Afipia birgiae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 59.3%. Afipia birgiae is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (LaScola2002)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and water sources. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Can't grow at 35C or above, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (LaScola2002);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25-30℃; doesn't grow at 35℃; Grows optimally at 30℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • adipate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • oxidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (LaScola2002);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (LaScola2002); (LaScola2004);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; imipenem;
  • amoxicillin; penicillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; netilmycin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • McLaughlin, S. D., Walker, A. W., Churcher, C., Clark, S. K., Tekkis, P. P., Johnson, M. W., Parkhill, J., Ciclitira, P. J., Dougan, G., Nicholls, R. J., & Petrovska, L. (2010). The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Annals of Surgery, 252(1), 90–98.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Rhizobiales Family:  Bradyrhizobiaceae Genus:  Afipia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and water sources
    DNA G+C(%):  59.3
    Opt. T:  30℃
    Lower T(℃):  25-30(+)
    Mid T(℃):  35(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Gluconate:  neg Mannitol:  neg Adipate:  + Citrate:  neg Malate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  w Urease:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  R(64)
    Augmentin:  S(0.5)
    penicillin:  R(>256)
    piperacillin:  R(>256)
    ticarcillin:  R(256)
    imipenem:  S(0.5)
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 8), MIC90: Var(8
    cefoxitin:  S(0.5)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    cephalothin:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    amikacin:  S(2)
    gentamicin:  S(≤0.25)
    netilmycin:  S(≤0.25)
    tobramycin:  S(≤0.25)
    erythromycin:  R(64)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    tetracycline:  Res
    vancomycin:  R(>256)
    rifampicin:  S(1)
    co-trimoxazole:  R(>256)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR AFIPIA BIRGIAE
  • LaScola2002 - Description of Afipia birgiae sp. nov. and Afipia massiliensis sp. nov. and recognition of Afipia felis genospecies A.
  • LaScola2004 - Comparison of the in vitro efficacy of telithromycin (HMR 3647) and levofloxacin with 22 antibiotic compounds against Bosea and Afipia species.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR AFIPIA BIRGIAE
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021