Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

(aka Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, (aka Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 42.7%. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (NorskovLauritsen2006)



  • This organism has been recovered from dental surfaces of humans and clinical sources (brain abscess, UTI, periodontitis). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (NorskovLauritsen2006);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; maltose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • xylose; mannitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (NorskovLauritsen2006);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein1999a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; imipenem; meropenem;
  • penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefixime; ceftizoxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pasteurellales Family:  Pasteurellaceae Genus:  Aggregatibacter Alt. name:  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Short Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  dental surfaces of humans and clinical sources (brain abscess, UTI, periodontitis)
    DNA G+C(%):  42.7
    		Urea:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: -, RNG: (≤0.016–0.5)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5->4), MIC90: Var(0.5->4
    amp-sulb:  Var(MIC50): <1–>2), MIC90: Var(<1–>2
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06-32)
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 1->1), MIC90: Var(1->1
    penicillin_G:  R(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5->64)
    imipenem:  S(0.5–1)
    meropenem:  S(0.06–0.25)
    cefalexin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06-4)
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 0.25–>2), MIC90: Var(0.25–>2
    cefixime:  S(0.12–0.25)
    ceftizoxime:  S(0.03–0.25)
    cefuroxime:  Var(MIC50): 0.5–2), MIC90: Var(0.5–2
    azithromycin:  S(<2)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): >0.5), MIC90: Var(>0.5
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 8–16), MIC90: Var(8–16
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: -, RNG: (≤0.001–0.06)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: -, RNG: (≤0.001–0.03)
    levofloxacin:  S(0.03)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.002–0.016)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: -, RNG: (≤0.001–0.03)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(0.5–1)
    chloramphenicol:  S(0.5–1)
    SXT:  S(0.06)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS
  • NorskovLauritsen2006 - Reclassification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans gen. nov., comb. nov., Aggregatibacter aphrophilus comb. nov. and Aggregatibacter segnis comb. nov., and emended description of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus to include V factor-dependent and V factor-independent isolates.
  • Sete2019 - Clinical, immunological and microbial gingival profile of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • Lindholm2019 - Role of OmpA1 and OmpA2 in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus serum resistance
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • ...............................
    • Added: February 09, 2022