Agrobacterium radiobacter

(aka Agrobacterium tumefaciens)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Agrobacterium radiobacter, (aka Agrobacterium tumefaciens), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 57-63%. Agrobacterium radiobacter is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Edmond1993; Sawada1993; Young2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from soil, plants and human faeces. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 27C. Unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Edmond1993); (Sawada1993); (Young2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 1.0-2.0% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 35℃; Grows optimally at 27℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; rhamnose; xylose; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; dulcitol; mannitol; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • adonitol; arabinose; L-arabitol; dulcitol; fucose; D-lyxose; melezitose; raffinose; D-tagatose; xylitol; alanine; aspartate; glutamate; acetate; aconitate; DL-glycerate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketogluconate; 5-ketogluconate; DL-lactate; pyruvate; D-tartrate; meso-tartrate; glutamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • γ-aminobutyrate; leucine; citrate; glutarate; 4-hydroxybenzoate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; catalase; oxidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Young2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Edmond1993);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • imipenem; ticarcillin;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; aztreonam; mezlocillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefoxitin;
  • ceftazidime;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • NOTES

    Able to use methyl xyloside as a carbon source.  Some strains are able to use L-sorbose or L-xylose.

  • Walker, A. W., Sanderson, J. D., Churcher, C., Parkes, G. C., Hudspith, B. N., Rayment, N., Brostoff, J., Parkhill, J., Dougan, G., & Petrovska, L. (2011). High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Microbiology, 11, 7.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Hyphomicrobiales Family:  Rhizobiaceae Genus:  Agrobacterium Alt. name:  Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  soil, plants and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  57-63
    Opt. T:  27℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    Mid T(℃):  35(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  1.0-2.0(+)
    Opt. pH:  7
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Dulcitol:  + Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fucose:  + D-Lyxose:  + D-Tagatose:  + Melezitose:  + Raffinose:  + Adonitol:  + Amygdalin:  neg L-Arabitol:  + Arbutin:  neg Cellulose:  neg Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Xylitol:  + Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  d 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Asp:  + L-Citrulline:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  + Ile:  neg Leu:  d Lys:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  neg Thr:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Tyr:  neg Val:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  + Butyrate:  neg Citrate:  d Glutarate:  d DL-Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  d Isobutyrate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + DL-Lactate:  + Malonate:  neg L-Mandelate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + D-Tartrate:  + L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + ArgDH:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25-16)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 8), MIC90: Var(8
    aztreonam:  R(≤8)
    mezlocillin:  R(≤16)
    piperacillin:  R(≤16)
    ticarcillin:  S(≤16)
    tica-clav:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (4-16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.06-1)
    cefazolin:  Var(MIC50): ≤8), MIC90: Var(≤8
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-8)
    cefotaxime:  S(≤8)
    cefotetan:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)
    cefoxitin:  S(≤8)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: 64, RNG: (4-64)
    cefuroxime:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1-32)
    cephalothin:  Var(MIC50): ≤8), MIC90: Var(≤8
    amikacin:  Var(MIC50): ≤16), MIC90: Var(≤16
    gentamicin:  S(≤4)
    tobramycin:  Var(MIC50): ≤4), MIC90: Var(≤4
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.06-1)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    SXT:  Var(MIC50): ≤2, MIC90: 38

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR AGROBACTERIUM RADIOBACTER
  • Edmond1993 - Agrobacterium radiobacter: A Recently Recognized Opportunistic Pathogen.
  • Sawada1993 - Proposal for Rejection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Revised Descriptions for the Genus Agrobacterium and for Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
  • Young2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Rhizobiaceae, Genus II. Agrobacterium
  • Velazquez2020 - Strain ATCC 4720T is the authentic type strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which is not a later heterotypic synonym of Agrobacterium radiobacter.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR AGROBACTERIUM RADIOBACTER
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021