Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 59-63%. Agrobacterium rhizogenes is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Sawada1993; Young2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from soil, plant rhizospheres, young gall tissues, and hairy roots of many plant species. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: plant pathogen). Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Aerobic and optimum growth temp of 25-28C suggests this is unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Sawada1993); (Young2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 2% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 6-7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 35℃; Grows optimally at 25-28℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; dulcitol; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; adonitol; amygdalin; arabinose; L-arabinose; d_arabitol; arbutin; cellubiose; erythritol; ethanolamine; fructose; D-fucose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; inositol; lactose; D-lyxose; maltose; mannose; melibiose; methyl-α-glucoside; rhamnose; ribose; raffinose; salicin; sorbitol; sorbose; sucrose; D-tagatose; trehalose; D-turanose; xylitol; xylose; alanine; arginine; aspartate; L-citrulline; histidine; lysine; ornithine; sarcosine; serine; threonine; citrate; fumarate; DL-glycerate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; 2-ketogluconate; 5-ketogluconate; DL-lactate; L-malate; propionate; pyruvate; succinate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • dulcitol; β-alanine; δ-aminovalerate; cysteine; glutamate; isoleucine; leucine; trigonelline; valine; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketoglutarate; glutamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Young2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Rhizobiales Family:  Rhizobiaceae Genus:  Agrobacterium Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  soil, plant rhizospheres, young gall tissues, and hairy roots of many plant species
    DNA G+C(%):  59-63
    Opt. T:  25-28℃
    Mid T(℃):  35(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(neg)
    Opt. pH:  6-7
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Dulcitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + D-Fucose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  + D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  + Amygdalin:  + D-Arabitol:  + Arbutin:  + Cellulose:  neg Dulcitol:  d Erythritol:  + Aesculin:  neg Ethanolamine:  + Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  + Inulin:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  + Starch:  neg Xylitol:  + Ala:  + D-Ala:  neg β-Ala:  d 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  d Arg:  + Asp:  + L-Citrulline:  + Cys:  d Glu:  d Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  + Ile:  d DL-Kynurenine:  neg Leu:  d Lys:  + Met:  neg Norleucine:  neg Orn:  + Phe:  neg Sarcosine:  + Ser:  + Thr:  + Trigonelline:  d Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  neg Val:  d Acetate:  neg Aconitate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citraconate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  neg Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  d 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Isobutyrate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  neg L-Malate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  neg L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Nonanoate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Sebacate:  neg Suberate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  + ArgDH:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES
  • Sawada1993 - Proposal for Rejection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Revised Descriptions for the Genus Agrobacterium and for Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
  • Young2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Rhizobiaceae, Genus II. Agrobacterium
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
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    • Added: May 15, 2022