Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 57-63%. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Young2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from plants and plant diseases. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Young2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 37℃; Grows optimally at 25-28℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; adonitol; arabinose; L-arabinose; d_arabitol; cellubiose; dulcitol; fructose; D-fucose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; inositol; lactose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; melezitose; melibiose; rhamnose; ribose; raffinose; sorbitol; sucrose; D-tagatose; trehalose; D-turanose; xylitol; alanine; aspartate; glutamate; histidine; acetate; aconitate; DL-glycerate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketogluconate; 5-ketogluconate; DL-lactate; L-malate; pyruvate; succinate; D-tartrate; glutamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • sorbose; xylose; γ-aminobutyrate; leucine; glutarate; 4-hydroxybenzoate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Young2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Hyphomicrobiales Family:  Rhizobiaceae Genus:  Agrobacterium Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  plants and plant diseases
    DNA G+C(%):  57-63
    Opt. T:  25-28℃
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    		Urea:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Mannitol:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + D-Fucose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  d D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  + Amygdalin:  neg D-Arabitol:  + Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  + Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  + Starch:  neg Xylitol:  + Ala:  + D-Ala:  neg β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  d 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  + L-Citrulline:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  + Ile:  neg DL-Kynurenine:  neg Leu:  d Lys:  neg Met:  neg Norleucine:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  neg Thr:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Tyr:  neg Val:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  + Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citraconate:  neg Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  neg Glutarate:  d DL-Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  neg Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  d Isobutyrate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  neg L-Malate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  neg L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Nonanoate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Sebacate:  neg Suberate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  + L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS
  • Young2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Rhizobiaceae, Genus II. Agrobacterium
  • Velazquez2020 - Strain ATCC 4720T is the authentic type strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which is not a later heterotypic synonym of Agrobacterium radiobacter.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
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    • Added: January 14, 2022