Akkermansia glycaniphila

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Akkermansia glycaniphila is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 58.2%. Akkermansia glycaniphila is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Ouwerkerk2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from faeces of reticulated python. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Can use mucin as a sole C and N source.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ouwerkerk2016);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin; mucin;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.0; tolerates pH 7.5; Grows optimally at pH 6.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 25-30℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; galactose; glucose; lactose; maltose; threonine; mucin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Ouwerkerk2016);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Ouwerkerk2016);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Verrucomicrobia Class:  Verrucomicrobiae Order:  Verrucomicrobiales Family:  Akkermansiaceae Genus:  Akkermansia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  faeces of reticulated python
    DNA G+C(%):  58.2
    Opt. T:  25-30℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    Opt. pH:  6.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Thr:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(32)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  R(24)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR AKKERMANSIA GLYCANIPHILA
  • Ouwerkerk2016 - Akkermansia glycaniphila sp. nov., an anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium isolated from reticulated python faeces.
  • Ouwerkerk2017 - Complete Genome Sequence of Akkermansia glycaniphila Strain PytT, a Mucin-Degrading Specialist of the Reticulated Python Gut.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR AKKERMANSIA GLYCANIPHILA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
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    • Added: January 19, 2022