Alistipes putredinis

(aka Bacteroides putredinis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Alistipes putredinis, (aka Bacteroides putredinis), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 26 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 53.3%. Alistipes putredinis is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Rautio2003; Kononen2010Bergey; Terekhov2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (appendicitis, abscess, blood). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Rautio2003); (Kononen2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 15℃; grows at 25℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; catalase; fibrinolysin; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Rautio2003); (Kononen2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • succinate; H₂S (variable); indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Rautio2003); (Kononen2010Bergey); (Goldstein2006c); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1991);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin G; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; ceftizoxime; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;
  • NOTES

    This is a common inhabitant of the gut microbiome.

    Fuel sources used:
    It can use limited types of simple sugars (including lactose) and protein for energy.

    Metabolites produced:
    Our genomic analysis indicates that most members of this species can produce the following metabolites: acetate, butyrate, GABA, lactate, LPS, propionate, succinate, folate, biotin, riboflavin, vitamin K.

    Metabolites consumed:
    In addition, our genomic analysis indicates that most members of this species do not consume any reported metabolites.

    Disease associations:
    One study associated a high abundance of this species with colon cancer and another study associated a low abundance of this species with chronic fatigue syndrome. This species has also been associated with low triglycerides.

  • References: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

  • Rautio, M., Eerola, E., Väisänen-Tunkelrott, M.-L., Molitoris, D., Lawson, P., Collins, M. D., & Jousimies-Somer, H. (2003). Reclassification of Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) in a new genus Alistipes gen. nov., as Alistipes putredinis comb. nov., and description of Alistipes finegoldii sp. nov., from human sources. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 26(2), 182–188.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Rikenellaceae Genus:  Alistipes Alt. name:  Bacteroides putredinis Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (appendicitis, abscess, blood)
    DNA G+C(%):  53.3
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Arginine:  neg Meat:  vr
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Mannose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Glucose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Fibrinolysin:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg GluDC:  vr AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  vr GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    Simple Sugars, Lactose, Protein

    None/Unknown

    Folate, Biotin, Riboflavin, Vitamin K, Acetate, Lactate, Propionate, Butyrate, Succinate, GABA

    LPS Antigen

    		 Succinate:  + H2S:  vr Indole:  + Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06->32)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.06->128)
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06->128)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015–16)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015–0.5)
    cefotaxime:  S(0.25)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.25–>128)
    ceftizoxime:  S(0.06)
    moxalactam:  S(0.06)
    kanamycin:  R(1000; disc)
    erythromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25-8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–16)
    deoxycycline:  Var
    tetracycline:  Var
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–0.5)
    vancomycin:  R(5; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06->32)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06->32)
    colistin:  R(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ALISTIPES PUTREDINIS
  • Parker2020 - The Genus Alistipes: Gut Bacteria With Emerging Implications to Inflammation, Cancer, and Mental Health.
  • Rautio2003 - Reclassification of Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) in a New Genus Alistipes gen. nov., as Alistipes putredinis comb. nov., and Description of Alistipes finegoldii sp. nov., from Human Sources.
  • Kononen2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Bacteroidetes. Family Rikenellaceae, Genus II. Alistipes
  • Terekhov2018 - Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities.
  • Feng2015 - Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence
  • Gao2020 - Functional Microbiomics Reveals Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Host Co-Metabolism in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis
  • DeAngelis2013 - Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
  • Debyser2016 - Faecal proteomics: A tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis
  • Hoffman2014 - Escherichia coli dysbiosis correlates with gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with cystic fibrosis
  • Morgan2020 - Microscopic Colitis Is Characterized by Intestinal Dysbiosis
  • Qin2014 - Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis
  • Santiago2016 - Alteration of the serum microbiome composition in cirrhotic patients with ascites
  • Takahashi2016 - Reduced Abundance of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria Species in the Fecal Microbial Community in Crohn's Disease
  • Luna2016 - Distinct Microbiome-Neuroimmune Signatures Correlate With Functional Abdominal Pain in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  • Mondot2011 - Highlighting new phylogenetic specificities of Crohn's disease microbiota.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1991 - Goldstein EJ, Citron DM. Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from intra-abdominal infections to ofloxacin and interaction of ofloxacin with metronidazole.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ALISTIPES PUTREDINIS
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Mangin2004 - Molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with Crohn's disease.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ALISTIPES PUTREDINIS
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: February 08, 2021