Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus

(aka Bacillus alcalophilus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus, (aka Bacillus alcalophilus), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 36.2–38.4%. Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Patel2020; Boyer1973; Nielsen1995; Vedder1934; Attie2014)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Attie2014) and lake sediment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • No growth at pH7 so unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Patel2020); (Boyer1973); (Nielsen1995); (Vedder1934); (Attie2014);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; hippurate; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; tolerates 7% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 7; tolerates pH 10; Grows optimally at pH 9-10.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 40℃; doesn't grow at 50℃;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Nielsen1995);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ±
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced by few strains
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fusidic-acid;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Alkalihalobacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus alcalophilus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Attie2014) and lake sediment
    DNA G+C(%):  36.2–38.4
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  50(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7(+)
    Opt. pH:  9-10
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7(neg)
    pH >8:  10(+)
    		Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + Hippurate:  + Tween:  20(neg) 40(+) 60(+) 80(neg)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Phe deaminase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(p)
    penicillin:  S(p)
    gentamicin:  R(p)
    kanamycin:  R(p)
    neomycin:  R(p)
    streptomycin:  R(p)
    erythromycin:  S(p)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(p)
    vancomycin:  S(p)
    bacitracin:  S(p)
    chloramphenicol:  S(p)
    novobiocin:  S(p)
    fusidic-acid:  S(p)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ALKALIHALOBACILLUS ALCALOPHILUS
  • Patel2020 - A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.
  • Boyer1973 - Bacillus alcalophilus subsp. halodurans subsp. nov.: An Alkaline-Amylase-Producing, Alkalophilic Organism.
  • Nielsen1995 - Phenetic diversity of alkaliphilic Bacillus strains: proposal for nine new species.
  • Vedder1934 - Bacillus alcalophilus n. sp.
  • Attie2014 - Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus alcalophilus AV1934, a Classic Alkaliphile Isolated from Human Feces in 1934.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ALKALIHALOBACILLUS ALCALOPHILUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ALKALIHALOBACILLUS ALCALOPHILUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: July 12, 2021