Anaerobutyricum hallii

(aka Eubacterium hallii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Anaerobutyricum hallii, (aka Eubacterium hallii), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 27 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38%. Anaerobutyricum hallii is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Browne2016; Holdeman1974; Shetty2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Holdeman1974); (Shetty2018);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • growth at 30(vr) is variable; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • sucrose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • lactose; mannitol; ribose; acetate; lactate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Holdeman1974); (Shetty2018);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); acetate; butyrate; lactate (minor); butanol; succinate (minor);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; H₂; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • NOTES

    This is an important member of the gut microbiome.

    Fuel sources used:
    It uses the acetate and lactate produced by bacterial species such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila for energy.

    Metabolites produced:
    Our genomic analysis indicates that most members of this species can produce the following metabolites: acetate, BCAAs, butyrate, lactate, propionate, cobalamin, folate, biotin, riboflavin.

    Metabolites consumed:
    In addition, our genomic analysis indicates that most members of this species do not consume any reported metabolites.

  • References: [1] [2] [3]

  • Holdeman, L. V., & Moore, W. E. C. (1974). New genus, Coprococcus, twelve new species, and emended descriptions of four previously described species of bacteria from human feces. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 24(2), 260–277.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Eubacteriaceae Genus:  Anaerobutyricum Alt. name:  Eubacterium hallii Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(vr)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  w Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  w Galactose:  + Glucose:  w Mannose:  w Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  w Maltose:  w Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d(neg) Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  w Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Ribose:  + Lactose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Gluconate:  neg Mannitol:  + Acetate:  + Lactate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Butanol:  + Succinate:  minor(+) H2S:  neg H2:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ANAEROBUTYRICUM HALLII
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Holdeman1974 - New Genus, Coprococcus, Twelve New Species, and Emended Descriptions of Four Previously Described Species of Bacteria from Human Feces.
  • Shetty2018 - Reclassification of Eubacterium hallii as Anaerobutyricum hallii gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Anaerobutyricum soehngenii sp. nov., a butyrate and propionate-producing bacterium from infant faeces.
  • Gao2020 - Functional Microbiomics Reveals Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Host Co-Metabolism in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis
  • Bedarf2017 - Functional implications of microbial and viral gut metagenome changes in early stage L-DOPA-naïve Parkinson's disease patients
  • BenitezPaez2020 - Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening
  • Colonetti2019 - Hepatic glycogen storage diseases are associated to microbial dysbiosis
  • Debyser2016 - Faecal proteomics: A tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis
  • ElMouzan2018 - Microbiota profile in new-onset pediatric Crohn's disease: data from a non-Western population
  • Feng2019a - Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of thyroid carcinoma patients
  • Gu2020 - Alterations of the gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 or H1N1 Influenza
  • Li2019c - Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
  • Lun2018 - Altered gut microbiota and microbial biomarkers associated with chronic kidney disease
  • Qin2014 - Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis
  • Shi2019 - Alterations in the intestinal microbiota of patients with severe and active Graves' orbitopathy: a cross-sectional study
  • Tang2018 - 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals altered composition of gut microbiota in individuals with kidney stones
  • Toya2020 - Coronary artery disease is associated with an altered gut microbiome composition
  • Zhang2020 - Analysis of gut mycobiota in first-episode, drug-naïve Chinese patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study
  • Zhao2018a - Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients
  • Nylund2015 - Severity of atopic disease inversely correlates with intestinal microbiota diversity and butyrate-producing bacteria
  • Cattaneo2017 - Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ANAEROBUTYRICUM HALLII
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • deGoffau2013 - Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ANAEROBUTYRICUM HALLII
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: July 12, 2021