Anaerococcus prevotii

(aka Peptostreptococcus prevotii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Anaerococcus prevotii, (aka Peptostreptococcus prevotii), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 13 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 29-33%. Anaerococcus prevotii is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Ezaki1983; Ezaki2001; Murdoch1998; Ezaki2011cBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, vagina and clinical sources (abscesses). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ezaki1983); (Ezaki2001); (Murdoch1998); (Ezaki2011cBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; raffinose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Arg arylamidase; catalase; α-glucosidase; β-glucuronidase; His arylamidase; pyroGlu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Ezaki1983); (Ezaki2001); (Murdoch1998); (Ezaki2011cBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate; butyrate (major); lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Tyrrell2012); (Snydman2008); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006a); (Goldstein2006b); (Goldstein2006c); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2003a); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999); (Goldstein1999b); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefoxitin; ceftazidime; cefuroxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • gatifloxacin; gemifloxacin; moxifloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; linezolid; pristinamycin; ranbezolid; telithromycin;
  • NOTES

    Anaerococcus prevotii was isolated from human plasma.

  • N/A

  • Most species of the genus Anaerococcus ferment carbohydrates weakly. A. prevotii is proteolytic and resistant to sodium polyanethol sulfonate, but susceptible to the penicillins. [PMID: 21304652]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Anaerococcus prevotii, a Gram-positive, anaerobic, indole-negative coccus, is a common isolate of the normal flora of skin, the oral cavity and the gut and can also be isolated from human clinical specimens such as vaginal discharges and ovarian, peritoneal, sacral or lung abscesses. This strain PC1, the type strain, was isolated from human plasma in about 1948. Its current classification is under debate, and it has been known under many other names (including Micrococcus prevotii, Peptococcus prevotii and Peptostreptococcus prevotii). It can cause human opportunistic infections (adapted from 10.4056/sigs.24194). [UP000002294]

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Tissierellia Order:  Tissierellales Family:  Peptoniphilaceae Genus:  Anaerococcus Alt. name:  Peptostreptococcus prevotii Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, vagina and clinical sources (abscesses)
    DNA G+C(%):  29-33
    Opt. T:  37℃
    		Urea:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  + Glucose:  d(+) Mannose:  d(+) Ribose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  + Coagulase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  vr β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  + ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  vr ArgAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  vr HisAA:  + LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg ProAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  + PyrogluAA:  + TyrAA:  w AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Butyrate:  Major(+) Lactate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: ≤0.5, RNG: (≤0.125-32)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015-0.5)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-8)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.04, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03–0.5)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015-0.5)
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–128)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–2)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): ≤0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.016-2)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–0.06)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5->32)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–2)
    cefoperazone:  SensRNG: (0.06-2)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.05, RNG: (0.03–2)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (1-8)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–8)
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–32)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.03–0.12)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125-16.0)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-0.25)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.25->8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-16.0)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5-32)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–4)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–16)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03–8)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125-32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.006-0.25)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-1.0)
    bacitracin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1–8)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-2)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: 0.016, RNG: (0.008-0.03)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ANAEROCOCCUS PREVOTII
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Ezaki1983 - Transfer of Peptococcus indolicus, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, Peptococcus prevotii, and Peptococcus magnus to the Genus Peptostreptococcus and Proposal of Peptostreptococcus tetradius sp. nov.
  • Ezaki2001 - Proposal of the genera Anaerococcus gen. nov., Peptoniphilus gen. nov. and Gallicola gen. nov. for members of the genus Peptostreptococcus.
  • Murdoch1998 - Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci.
  • Ezaki2011cBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Incertae Sedis, Genus I. Anaerococcus
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Snydman2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem, against recently collected clinical anaerobic isolates, with emphasis on the Bacteroides fragilis group.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999 - In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ANAEROCOCCUS PREVOTII
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • MacFarlane2004 - Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ANAEROCOCCUS PREVOTII
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: February 08, 2021