Azospirillum lipoferum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Azospirillum lipoferum is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, pleiomorph rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 69-70%. Azospirillum lipoferum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Tarrand1978; Dekhil1997)



  • This organism has been recovered from roots of cereal crops. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Tarrand1978); (Dekhil1997);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 3% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 1% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 36-38℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; ribose; xylose; mannitol; sorbitol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; arabinose; L-arabinose; aesculin; fructose; D-fucose; galactose; gluconate; glycerol; mannitol; ribose; salicin; sorbitol; xylose; citrate; fumarate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketoglutarate; lactate; malate; propionate; pyruvate; succinate; N2 fixed;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • fucose; inositol; D-lyxose; mannose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • oxidase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Tarrand1978); (Dekhil1997);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Rhodospirillales Family:  Azospirillaceae Genus:  Azospirillum Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Pleiomorph rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  roots of cereal crops
    DNA G+C(%):  69-70
    Opt. T:  36-38℃
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  1(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg DNA:  neg Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d(+) Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  d(+) Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d(+) Sorbitol:  d(+) Ethanol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  d(+) L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  d D-Fucose:  + Galactose:  d(+) D-Lyxose:  d(neg) Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  + Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  d Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  + Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Lactate:  + Malate:  + Malonate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  d Urease:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR AZOSPIRILLUM LIPOFERUM
  • Grouzdev2019 - Genome Sequences of Novel Azospirillum sp. Strains B21 and Sh1, Isolated from Raised Sphagnum Bogs, and Type Strains Azospirillum lipoferum 59b and Azospirillum oryzae COC8.
  • Tarrand1978 - Taxonomic study of the Spirillum lipoferum group, with descriptions of a new genus, Azospirillum gen. nov. and two species, Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck) comb. nov. and Azospirillum brasilense sp. nov.
  • Dekhil1997 - Transfer of Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. largomobilis to the Genus Azospirillum as Azospirillum largomobile comb. nov., and Elevation of Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. parooensis to the New Type Species of Conglomeromonas, Conglomeromonas parooensis sp. nov.
  • Falk1986 - Deoxyribonucleic and Ribonucleic Acid Homology Studies of the Genera Azospirillum and Conglomeromonas
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR AZOSPIRILLUM LIPOFERUM
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: March 18, 2022