Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 44.6%. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Logan2011Bergey; Priest1987)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, soil and industrial fermentation. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Logan2011Bergey); (Priest1987);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; gelatin; starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • DNA;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; tolerates 5.0% salt; strain-variable at 10(d)%;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 7.0, 8.0(neg); doesn't tolerate pH 9.0;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 0-5℃; grows at 20℃; grows at 50, 55(neg)℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; glycogen; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; maltose; melibiose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • galactose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • pyrrolidine arylamidase; Tyr arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • DNase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Logan2011Bergey); (Priest1987);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ±
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced by most strains
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Agersoe2018);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; benzylpenicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • gramicidin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • colistin; polymyxin B;
  • NOTES

    Able to hydrolyse tributyrin Glyceryl tributyrate ≥99%

    Able to hydrolyse elastin.

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces, soil and industrial fermentation
    DNA G+C(%):  44.6
    Low T(℃):  0-5(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  50(+), 55(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(d)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7.0(+), 8.0(neg)
    pH >8:  9.0(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + DNA:  d(neg) Tyrosine:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  20(+), 40(+), 60(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d(+) Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d(+) Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d(+) Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  d(+) Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Citrate:  + Propionate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg α-Arab:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg PyrrolidAA:  + TyrAA:  + DNAse:  d(neg)
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03-0.06)
    benzyl-pen:  Sens
    ceftazidime:  Res
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5)
    kanamycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (2)
    neomycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2-8)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25-16)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-1)
    gramicidin:  Res
    rifampicin:  S(vr)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (2-4)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    colistin:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS
  • Agersoe2018 - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Tentative Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Five Bacillus Species Relevant for Use as Animal Feed Additives or for Plant Protection.
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • Priest1987 - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp. nov., nom. rev.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021