Bacillus cereus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 35%. Bacillus cereus is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Logan2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG), food and environment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: toxin produced). Is a known human pathogen. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; gelatin; hippurate; starch; tyrosine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; tolerates 5.0% salt; strain-variable at 7.0(d)%;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-7.0;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 10(d); grows at 20℃; grows at 40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; ribose; starch; cellubiose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; arbutin; gluconate; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • glucose; glycogen;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • citrate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • acetate; formate; lactate; succinate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; α-glucosidase; lecithinase; Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase; trypsin;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Andrews2002); (Reva1995);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • imipenem; mezlocillin;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; benzylpenicillin; carbenicillin; methicillin; oxacillin; penicillin; penicillin G; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefuroxime; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • oleandomycin;
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • oxytetracycline;
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; moxifloxacin; nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • gramicidin; rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • trimethoprim; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;
  • clindamycin; lincomycin; polymyxin B;

  • Batchelor, M. D. (1919). Aerobic spore-bearing bacteria in the intestinal tract of children. Journal of Bacteriology, 4(1), 23-34.15.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG), food and environment
    DNA G+C(%):  35
    Low T(℃):  10(d)
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7.0(d)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-7.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  d Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + Tyrosine:  + Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  d Mannose:  vr Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d(+) Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  vr Amygdalin:  vr Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  d Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  d(+) 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  d(+)
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Acetate:  d Citrate:  + Formate:  d Lactate:  d Succinate:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  + AlaPheProAA:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  vr Lecithinase:  + Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  Res
    ampicillin:  R(100)
    benzyl-pen:  Res
    carbenicil:  Res
    methicillin:  Res
    mezlocillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  R(100)
    penicillin:  Res
    penicillin_G:  R(100)
    tica-clav:  Res
    imipenem:  Sens
    cefazolin:  Res
    cefdinir:  RNG: (6)
    cefotaxime:  Res
    cefotetan:  Res
    cefuroxime:  Res
    cephalothin:  Res
    gentamicin:  S(1)
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  RNG: (≥2)
    tobramycin:  S(3)
    erythromycin:  R(18)
    oleandomycin:  Sens
    linezolid:  S(vr)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(0.125)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): -, MIC90: 0.085
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): -, MIC90: 0.078
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    ofloxacin:  RNG: (5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 1.953-15.6), MIC90: Var(1.953-15.6
    oxytetracycline:  S(≥1)
    tetracycline:  R(75)
    vancomycin:  S(0.18)
    gramicidin:  S(vr)
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  S(<2)
    trimethoprim:  Res
    SXT:  Res
    clindamycin:  R(vr)
    lincomycin:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS CEREUS
  • Andrews2002 - Susceptibility testing of Bacillus species.
  • Bagcioglu2019 - Detection and Identification of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cytotoxicus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus weihenstephanensis via Machine Learning Based FTIR Spectroscopy.
  • Hu2021 - Characterization of Bacillus Species from Market Foods in Beijing, China.
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • Reva1995 - Antibiotic Susceptibility as a Taxonomic Characteristic of the Genus Bacillus.
  • Pilon2017 - Purification and characterization of trypsin produced by gut bacteria from Anticarsia gemmatalis.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS CEREUS
  • Aujoulat2014 - Temporal dynamics of the very premature infant gut dominant microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS CEREUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021