Bacillus circulans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus circulans is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 37-41%. Bacillus circulans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Logan2011Bergey; Nakamura1983)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (blood, pleura - CCUG), soil, sewage, food and infant bile. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Logan2011Bergey); (Nakamura1983);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • gelatin;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • strain-variable at pH 5.0(d); tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH >9.0;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 50, 55(d), 60(neg)℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; amygdalin; glycogen; inulin; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; mannitol; arbutin; gluconate; methyl xyloside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • melezitose; adonitol; 5-ketogluconate;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose; acetate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Logan2011Bergey); (Nakamura1983);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Reva1995);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; benzylpenicillin; carbenicillin; imipenem; mezlocillin; penicillin G; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • amoxicillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefuroxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; oleandomycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • gramicidin; rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • polymyxin B;

  • Taylor, G. R., Kropp, K. D., & Molina, T. C. (1985). Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 50(6), 1349–1356.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (blood, pleura - CCUG), soil, sewage, food and infant bile
    DNA G+C(%):  37-41
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    High T(℃):  50(+), 55(d), 60(neg)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0(d)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  >9.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  d Starch:  w Casein:  w Tween:  80(d(+))
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  vr L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d(neg) Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  vr Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  + Starch:  + Adonitol:  d(neg) D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  d(neg) Me-α-D-Glc:  vr Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  + NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  + Acetate:  + Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Res
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    ampicillin:  I
    benzyl-pen:  S,I
    carbenicil:  Sens
    mezlocillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Var
    penicillin:  R(vr)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    tica-clav:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    cefazolin:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  S(vr)
    cefotetan:  Sens
    cefuroxime:  S(vr)
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-16)
    oleandomycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-32)
    vancomycin:  Sens
    gramicidin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125->32)
    SXT:  Sens
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS CIRCULANS
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • Nakamura1983 - Taxonomy of Bacillus circulans Jordan 1890: Base Composition and Reassociation of Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
  • Reva1995 - Antibiotic Susceptibility as a Taxonomic Characteristic of the Genus Bacillus.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS CIRCULANS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Taylor1985 - Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS CIRCULANS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021