Bacillus halotolerans

(aka Brevibacterium halotolerans)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus halotolerans, (aka Brevibacterium halotolerans), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 41.0%. Bacillus halotolerans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Waino1999; Dunlap2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and river sediment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Waino1999); (Dunlap2016);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; DNA; gelatin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6-10% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 10; Grows optimally at pH 7.2.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 32℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; aesculin; glycogen; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; xylitol; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fucose; D-fucose; citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; catalase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed (0.001%)
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • cream

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Alt. name:  Brevibacterium halotolerans Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  cream
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and river sediment
    DNA G+C(%):  41.0
    Opt. T:  32℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.2
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  10(+)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + DNA:  + Tyrosine:  neg Tween:  20(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  + Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  + Citrate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + ArgDH:  + LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  cream

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS HALOTOLERANS
  • Tindall2017a - The consequences of Bacillus axarquiensis Ruiz-García et al. 2005, Bacillus malacitensis Ruiz-García et al. 2005 and Brevibacterium halotolerans Delaporte and Sasson 1967 (Approved Lists 1980) being treated as heterotypic synonyms
  • Waino1999 - Gracilibacillus gen. nov., with description of Gracilibacillus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.; transfer of Bacillus dipsosauri to Gracilibacillus dipsosauri comb. nov., and Bacillus salexigens to the genus Salibacillus gen. nov., as Salibacillus salexigens comb. nov.
  • Dunlap2016 - Genome analysis shows Bacillus axarquiensis is not a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus mojavensis: reclassification of Bacillus malacitensis and Brevibacterium halotolerans as heterotypic synonyms of Bacillus axarquiensis.
  • Delaporte1967 - Study of bacteria from arid soils of Morocco: Brevibacterium haloterans n. sp. and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans n. sp
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS HALOTOLERANS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS HALOTOLERANS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Barberan2017 - Hiding in Plain Sight: Mining Bacterial Species Records for Phenotypic Trait Information
    • Added: October 21, 2021