Bacillus mycoides

(aka Bacillus weihenstephanensis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus mycoides, (aka Bacillus weihenstephanensis), is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 34.8-35.6%. Bacillus mycoides is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Liu2018; Logan2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Liu2018); (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; gelatin; starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 7.0(d)%;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-7.0;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 40℃; doesn't grow at 50℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; aesculin; glycogen; starch; maltose; trehalose; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • acetate; formate; fumarate; lactate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Liu2018); (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Reva1995);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; benzylpenicillin; oxacillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • oleandomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus weihenstephanensis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  34.8-35.6
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  50(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  7.0(d)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-7.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  d Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  w Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  w Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  d(+) Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  d(+)
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Acetate:  d Citrate:  neg Formate:  d Fumarate:  d Lactate:  d Propionate:  neg Succinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg TrpAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    benzyl-pen:  Sens
    carbenicil:  I
    oxacillin:  Sens
    oleandomycin:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  I
    chloramphenicol:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS MYCOIDES
  • Andriani2017 - Characterization of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides Bacteria as Probiotic Bacteria in Fish and Shrimp Feed.
  • Bagcioglu2019 - Detection and Identification of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cytotoxicus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus weihenstephanensis via Machine Learning Based FTIR Spectroscopy.
  • Liu2018 - Genome analysis-based reclassification of Bacillus weihenstephanensis as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus mycoides.
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • Reva1995 - Antibiotic Susceptibility as a Taxonomic Characteristic of the Genus Bacillus.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS MYCOIDES
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS MYCOIDES
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021