Bacillus pakistanensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus pakistanensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 39.1%. Bacillus pakistanensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Roohi2014)



  • This organism has been recovered from salt mines in Pakistan. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Roohi2014);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 17% salt; Grows optimally with 2-3% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 9; Grows optimally at pH 8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 30-35℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; D-tagatose; amygdalin; aesculin; glycogen; cellubiose; sucrose; trehalose; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; gluconate; glucose; maltose; mannose; malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; chymotrypsin; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Roohi2014);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Roohi2014);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; oxacillin;
  • penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoperazone; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; pristinamycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; spectinomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fusidic-acid; metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;
  • lincomycin; pristinamycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  salt mines in Pakistan
    DNA G+C(%):  39.1
    Opt. T:  30-35℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  17(+)
    Opt. pH:  8.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Maltose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Gluconate:  + Mannitol:  neg Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Malate:  + Phenylacetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  w α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg TrpAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(4)
    Augmentin:  S(2/4)
    oxacillin:  S(2)
    penicillin:  R(0.25)
    cefoperazone:  S(4)
    cephalothin:  S(8)
    apramycin:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16
    gentamicin:  S(4)
    kanamycin:  S(8)
    spectinomycin:  S(64)
    streptomycin:  S(8)
    erythromycin:  R(1)
    pristinamycin:  R(2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(4)
    tetracycline:  S(4)
    rifampicin:  S(4)
    chloramphenicol:  R(8)
    metronidazole:  R(4)
    nitrofurantoin:  Var(MIC50): 25), MIC90: Var(25
    co-trimoxazole:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 38
    lincomycin:  R(2)
    colistin:  S(4)
    fusidic-acid:  R(2)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS PAKISTANENSIS
  • Roohi2014 - Bacillus pakistanensis sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from salt mines of the Karak Area in Pakistan.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS PAKISTANENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022