Bacillus pseudofirmus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus pseudofirmus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 39.0-40.8%. Bacillus pseudofirmus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Logan2011Bergey; Nielsen1995)



  • This organism has been recovered from soil, animal and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Logan2011Bergey); (Nielsen1995);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 5.0% salt; tolerates 17% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 5.0; tolerates pH 7(neg), 8.0; tolerates pH >9.0; Grows optimally at pH 9.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 0-5(neg), 10℃; grows at 40℃; grows at 45, 55(neg)℃;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; fructose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; ribose; starch; sucrose; trehalose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • amygdalin; arabinose; gluconate; glycogen; D-lyxose; mannose; methyl-α-glucoside; salicin; D-turanose; xylose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • phenylalanine deaminase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Logan2011Bergey); (Nielsen1995);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✓
  • Pigments:
  • produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; imipenem; penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • nitrofurantoin;
  • metronidazole; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  +
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  soil, animal and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  39.0-40.8
    Low T(℃):  0-5(neg), 10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+), 55(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  17(+)
    Opt. pH:  9
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0(neg)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7(neg), 8.0(+)
    pH >8:  >9.0(+)
    		Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  neg Tween:  20(neg) 40(+) 60(+) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  d(neg) L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  d(neg) Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  d Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  d Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  d(neg) D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Gluconate:  d Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  d Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d(neg) Salicin:  d Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  + Xylitol:  neg Hippurate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    β-Glucuronidase:  neg Phe deaminase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    metronidazole:  Res
    nitrofurantoin:  Sens
    SXT:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS PSEUDOFIRMUS
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • Nielsen1995 - Phenetic diversity of alkaliphilic Bacillus strains: proposal for nine new species.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS PSEUDOFIRMUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS PSEUDOFIRMUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021