Bacillus pumilus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus pumilus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40.7-41.9%. Bacillus pumilus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Logan2011Bergey; Terekhov2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, food, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and other environments. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • May be able to persist in the gut, albeit in low numbers, by residing in niches close to epithelial cells (Ilinskaya2017).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; tolerates 10% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • strain-variable at pH 5.0(d); tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH >9.0;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 0-10(d); grows at 20℃; grows at 40℃; doesn't grow at 50(d), 55℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; D-tagatose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; melibiose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; mannitol; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • D-alanine peptidase; alkaline phosphatase; catalase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Reva1995);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; benzylpenicillin; carbenicillin; penicillin;
  • amoxicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefoperazone; cefuroxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; oleandomycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • oxytetracycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; nalidixic-acid; norfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • gramicidin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid; novobiocin;
  • colistin; polymyxin B;

  • Batchelor, M. D. (1919). Aerobic spore-bearing bacteria in the intestinal tract of children. Journal of Bacteriology, 4(1), 23-34.15.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, food, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and other environments
    DNA G+C(%):  40.7-41.9
    Low T(℃):  0-10(d)
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  50(d), 55(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0(d)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  >9.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  + Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Glycerol:  neg Hippurate:  neg Citrate:  + Propionate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  vr Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg D-AlaninePA:  + ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Res
    Augmentin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  S,I
    benzyl-pen:  S(10U)
    carbenicil:  S(25)
    methicillin:  I
    oxacillin:  Var
    penicillin:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  I
    cefalexin:  Sens
    cefoperazone:  Sens
    cefuroxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  I
    amikacin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  S(vr)
    oleandomycin:  S(15)
    linezolid:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    norfloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    oxytetracycline:  S(2)
    tetracycline:  S(30)
    vancomycin:  Sens
    gramicidin:  Res
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Var
    co-trimoxazole:  Sens
    lincomycin:  Var
    novobiocin:  Sens
    colistin:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS PUMILUS
  • Hu2021 - Characterization of Bacillus Species from Market Foods in Beijing, China.
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • Reva1995 - Antibiotic Susceptibility as a Taxonomic Characteristic of the Genus Bacillus.
  • Terekhov2018 - Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities.
  • Ilinskaya2017 - Secretome of Intestinal Bacilli: A Natural Guard against Pathologies.
  • Cheggour2000 - The dppA gene of Bacillus subtilis encodes a new D-aminopeptidase.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS PUMILUS
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS PUMILUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
    • Added: April 08, 2021