Bacillus velezensis Variant polyfermenticus

(aka Bacillus polyfermenticus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacillus velezensis Variant polyfermenticus, (aka Bacillus polyfermenticus), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 46.4%. Bacillus velezensis Variant polyfermenticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Pfleiderer2013; RuizGarcia2005a)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and river mouth. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Pfleiderer2013); (RuizGarcia2005a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 12% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 10;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; aesculin; glycogen; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (RuizGarcia2005a);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • Lysozyme:
  • inhibited (0.001%)
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • creamy white
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (RuizGarcia2005a); (Lee2001);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin;
  • aztreonam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid; norfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; nitrofurantoin; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; colistin; novobiocin;

  • Pfleiderer, A., Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Vialettes, B., & Raoult, D. (2013). Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(11), 1471–1481.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Bacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus polyfermenticus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  creamy white
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and river mouth
    DNA G+C(%):  46.4
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  12(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  10(+)
    		Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Tween:  20(neg) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  creamy white
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(25)
    Augmentin:  S(30)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03-0.12)
    aztreonam:  R(30)
    ceftazidime:  Res
    cephalothin:  S(30)
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5)
    kanamycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (2)
    streptomycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-8)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    nalidixic-acid:  S(30)
    norfloxacin:  S(5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(30)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25-16)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-1)
    rifampicin:  S(30)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-4)
    nitrofurantoin:  S(300)
    SXT:  S(25)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-1)
    novobiocin:  S(30)
    colistin:  S(10)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS VELEZENSIS VARIANT POLYFERMENTICUS
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RuizGarcia2005a - Bacillus velezensis sp. nov., a surfactant-producing bacterium isolated from the river Vélez in Málaga, southern Spain.
  • Lee2001 - Partial characterization of polyfermenticin SCD, a newly identified bacteriocin of Bacillus polyfermenticus.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACILLUS VELEZENSIS VARIANT POLYFERMENTICUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACILLUS VELEZENSIS VARIANT POLYFERMENTICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021