Bacteroides eggerthii

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacteroides eggerthii is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 29 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 46%. Bacteroides eggerthii is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Holdeman1974; Song2010Bergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Holdeman1974); (Song2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Grows in the presence of bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 4.9-5.6;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20(w), 30℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; D-arabinose; L-arabinose; galactose; mannose; xylose; dextrin; starch; xylan; cellubiose; lactose; maltose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucosamine; D-glucuronate; D-galacturonate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; arabinosidase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; glutamic acid decarboxylase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; G6PDH and 6PGDH; Leu-Gly arylamidase; xylosidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • N-Ac β-glucosaminidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Holdeman1974); (Song2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate (minor); lactate (trace); isobutyrate (trace); succinate (major); isovalerate (trace); H₂S (variable); H₂ (trace); indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Yehya2013); (Song2010Bergeys); (Snydman2008); (Betriu2001);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; piperacillin-tazobactam; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • oxacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime;
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin; spiramycin;
  • azithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • clinafloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • norfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Bacteroidaceae Genus:  Bacteroides Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  46
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(w), 30(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.9-5.6(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  +
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  vr Starch:  + Hippurate:  neg Milk:  curdle Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  vr Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  w Mannose:  w(+) Rhamnose:  vr Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  d(+) Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  w Dextrin:  + Glycogen:  w(neg) Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Xylan:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Gluconate:  neg Glucosamine:  + Lactate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  + α-Arab:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  d α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  + AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  + GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    Acetate, Succinate

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Lactate:  trace(+) Isobutyrate:  trace(+) Succinate:  Major(+) Isovalerate:  trace(+) H2S:  vr H2:  trace(+) Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(0.25)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–64)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2–16)
    oxacillin:  R(8)
    piperacillin:  Var(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >256, RNG: (0.2–>256)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–16)
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–128)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–1)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.125-0.5)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–4)
    cefotaxime:  S(0.5)
    cefotetan:  Var(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.06–256)
    cefoxitin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (2-32)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16
    ceftizoxime:  Var(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 256, RNG: (0.06–>256)
    kanamycin:  Res
    tobramycin:  R(>1024)
    azithromycin:  R(>256)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 12), MIC90: Var(12
    clarithromycin:  S(0.5)
    spiramycin:  S(1.5)
    linezolid:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (4-8)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16
    clinafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125-8)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25-4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(0.19)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (1-64)
    norfloxacin:  R(>256)
    ofloxacin:  S(2)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.2–64)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(2)
    tigecycline:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)
    vancomycin:  Res
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1–8)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.1–4)
    sulfamethoxazole:  R(128)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >128, RNG: (≤0.5->128)
    colistin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACTEROIDES EGGERTHII
  • Holdeman1974 - New Genus, Coprococcus, Twelve New Species, and Emended Descriptions of Four Previously Described Species of Bacteria from Human Feces.
  • Shah1989 - Proposal To Restrict the Genus Bacteroides (Castellani and Chalmers) to Bacteroides fragilis and Closely Related Species.
  • Wexler2007 - Bacteroides : the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty.
  • Yehya2013 - Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from stool samples in North Lebanon.
  • Song2010Bergeys - Bacteroides. In Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology: Vol. 4. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes
  • Feng2015 - Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Gargari2018 - Evidence of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial ecosystem of children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia and the potential role of regular hazelnut intake
  • Houttu2018 - Overweight and obesity status in pregnant women are related to intestinal microbiota and serum metabolic and inflammatory profiles
  • Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
  • Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota
  • Li2019c - Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
  • LopezContreras2018 - Composition of gut microbiota in obese and normal-weight Mexican school-age children and its association with metabolic traits
  • Lv2016 - Alterations and correlations of the gut microbiome, metabolism and immunity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
  • MorenoArrones2019 - Analysis of the gut microbiota in alopecia areata: identification of bacterial biomarkers
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • Qin2014 - Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis
  • Ye2018 - A metagenomic study of the gut microbiome in Behcet's disease
  • Zinkernagel2017 - Association of the Intestinal Microbiome with the Development of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
  • Luna2016 - Distinct Microbiome-Neuroimmune Signatures Correlate With Functional Abdominal Pain in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  • Snydman2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem, against recently collected clinical anaerobic isolates, with emphasis on the Bacteroides fragilis group.
  • Betriu2001 - In vitro activities of MK-0826 and 16 other antimicrobials against Bacteroides fragilis group strains.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACTEROIDES EGGERTHII
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Chung2016 - Modulation of the human gut microbiota by dietary fibres occurs at the species level.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BACTEROIDES EGGERTHII
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Song2010Bergeys - Bacteroides. In Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology: Vol. 4. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021