Bacteroides galacturonicus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacteroides galacturonicus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 36%. Bacteroides galacturonicus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Jensen1986)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Jensen1986);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • pectin;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.0-5.5; Grows optimally at pH 8.2-8.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 20℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 35-40℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • pectin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pectin; D-glucuronate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-glucuronidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Jensen1986);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; lactate (minor);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Jensen1986);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • NOTES

    Pectin, polygalacturonate, D-galacturonate,
    and D-glucuronate are fermented.

  • Jensen, N. S., & Canale-Parola, E. (n.d.). Bacteroides pectinophilus sp. nov. and Bacteroides galacturonicus sp. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1986;52(4):880-887, 880–887.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Bacteroidaceae Genus:  Bacteroides Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  36
    Opt. T:  35-40℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    Opt. pH:  8.2-8.5
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0-5.5(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Pectin:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Cellulose:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Pectin:  + Xylan:  neg Glycerol:  neg Gluconate:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Pectin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  d β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  d ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    Acetate, Succinate

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(4)
    penicillin_G:  R(2U)
    cephalothin:  S(6)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(6)
    chloramphenicol:  R(12)
    clindamycin:  S(1.6)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACTEROIDES GALACTURONICUS
  • Jensen1986 - Bacteroides pectinophilus sp. nov. and Bacteroides galacturonicus sp. nov.: two pectinolytic bacteria from the human intestinal tract.
  • Giongo2011 - Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACTEROIDES GALACTURONICUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
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    • Added: April 08, 2021