Bacteroides heparinolyticus

(aka Prevotella heparinolyticus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacteroides heparinolyticus, (aka Prevotella heparinolyticus), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 47-49%. Bacteroides heparinolyticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Shah1990)



  • This organism has been recovered from patients with periodontitis. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Produces heparinase.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shah1990);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; starch;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; xylose; aesculin; starch; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; fucosidase; β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1990);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (minor); propionate (minor); succinate; isovalerate (minor); indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2013); (Goldstein2006c); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein1999a); (Goldstein1999b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; telithromycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Bacteroidaceae Genus:  Bacteroides Alt. name:  Prevotella heparinolyticus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  patients with periodontitis
    DNA G+C(%):  47-49
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Aesculin:  + Starch:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  minor(+) Propionate:  minor(+) Succinate:  + Isovalerate:  minor(+) H2S:  neg Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–2)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–32)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–1)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.125)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–>32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–32)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (2)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.125)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–4)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–64)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (2)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125–0.25)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–4)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03–8)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25–16)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.125)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.8, MIC90: 0.8, RNG: (0.8)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–4)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.5)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACTEROIDES HEPARINOLYTICUS
  • Shah1990 - Notes: Prevotella, a New Genus To Include Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Related Species Formerly Classified in the Genus Bacteroides.
  • Okuda1985 - Bacteroides heparinolyticus sp. nov. Isolated from Humans with Periodontitis.
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACTEROIDES HEPARINOLYTICUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
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    • Added: March 18, 2022