Bacteroides togonis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bacteroides togonis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 48.26%. Bacteroides togonis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Andrieu2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from human gut (Andrieu2018). Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 68% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Andrieu2018);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 0.5-2.0% salt; Grows optimally with 0% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7-7.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; D-arabinose; rhamnose; D-tagatose; xylose; amygdalin; aesculin; gentiobiose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; xylitol; gluconate; 5-ketogluconate; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; cystine arylamidase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; fucosidase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; Val arylamidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Andrieu2018);
    Character Response
    RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Andrieu2018);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; imipenem; penicillin;
  • oxacillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • deoxycycline; doxycycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • tobramycin;
  • gentamicin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Bacteroidaceae Genus:  Bacteroides Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human gut (Andrieu2018)
    DNA G+C(%):  48.26
    Opt. T:  37℃
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5-2.0(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7-7.5
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Mannitol:  neg Xylitol:  + Gluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + NAc-α-GA:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  + LeuAA:  + ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(25; disc)
    Augmentin:  S(30; disc)
    oxacillin:  R(5; disc)
    penicillin:  S(10U)
    imipenem:  S(10; disc)
    gentamicin:  R(15; disc)
    tobramycin:  S(10; disc)
    erythromycin:  R(15; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(10; disc)
    deoxycycline:  Sens
    rifampicin:  S(30; disc)
    metronidazole:  S(4; disc)
    SXT:  R(25; disc)
    clindamycin:  R(15; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BACTEROIDES TOGONIS
  • Andrieu2018 - Non-contiguous finished genome sequences and description of Bacteroides mediterraneensis sp. nov., Bacteroides ihuae sp. nov., Bacteroides togonis sp. nov., Bacteroides ndongoniae sp. nov., Bacteroides ilei sp. nov. and Bacteroides congonensis sp. nov. identified by culturomics.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BACTEROIDES TOGONIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
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    • Added: July 20, 2021