Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis

(aka Bifidobacterium lactis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, (aka Bifidobacterium lactis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, pleiomorph rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 61.0%. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Masco2004; Meile1997)



  • This organism has been recovered from fermented milk, animal faeces, sewage and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Tolerates up to 10% oxygen.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Masco2004); (Meile1997);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 39-42℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; glucose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; aesculin; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; 5-ketogluconate;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • maltotriose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Masco2004); (Meile1997);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate (major); lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2013a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Macrolides:
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Bifidobacteriales Family:  Bifidobacteriaceae Genus:  Bifidobacterium Alt. name:  Bifidobacterium lactis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Pleiomorph rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  fermented milk, animal faeces, sewage and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  61.0
    Opt. T:  39-42℃
    		Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Maltotriose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  Major(+) Lactate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    fidaxomicin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–1)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: 128, RNG: (2->512)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS SUBSP. LACTIS
  • Masco2004 - Polyphasic taxonomic analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis reveals relatedness at the subspecies level: reclassification of Bifidobacterium animalis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis subsp. nov. and Bifidobacterium lactis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis subsp. nov.
  • Bojovic2020 - Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated With Altered Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Meile1997 - Bifidobacterium lactis sp. nov., a Moderately Oxygen Tolerant Species Isolated from Fermented Milk
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS SUBSP. LACTIS
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • LeChatelier2013 - Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
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    • Added: February 09, 2022