Bifidobacterium gallicum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bifidobacterium gallicum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 61%. Bifidobacterium gallicum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Lauer1990)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Lauer1990);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.0; tolerates pH 8.0; Grows optimally at pH 6.0-7.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 40℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37-39℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; ribose; xylose; glycogen; starch; maltose; sucrose; D-turanose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • arbutin; α-methyl glucoside;
  • Active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Lauer1990);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); acetate (major); lactate; ethanolminor;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; cloxacillin; imipenem; oxacillin; penicillin G; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefoxitin; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; pristinamycin; spiramycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin;
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • nisin A; rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin; pristinamycin; telithromycin;

  • Lauer, E. (1990). Bifidobacterium gallicum sp. nov. isolated from human faeces. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol, 40, 100–102.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Bifidobacteriales Family:  Bifidobacteriaceae Genus:  Bifidobacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  61
    Opt. T:  37-39℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    Opt. pH:  6.0-7.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  8.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  d Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  w
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Acetate:  Major(+) Lactate:  + Ethanol:  minor H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    Augmentin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  Sens
    cloxacillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    piperacillin:  Sens
    ticarcillin:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    cefotetan:  Sens
    cefoxitin:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Res
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Res
    erythromycin:  Sens
    pristinamycin:  Sens
    spiramycin:  Sens
    telithromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    gatifloxacin:  Sens
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  Sens
    tetracycline:  Sens
    teicoplanin:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    nisin_A:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    metronidazole:  Var
    lincomycin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BIFIDOBACTERIUM GALLICUM
  • Lauer1990 - Bifidobacterium gallicum sp. nov. Isolated from Human Feces.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BIFIDOBACTERIUM GALLICUM
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BIFIDOBACTERIUM GALLICUM
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021