Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis

(aka Bifidobacterium infantis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, (aka Bifidobacterium infantis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 14 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 60.5%. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is a common gut coloniser. (Mattarelli2008; Scardovi1971; Bahaka1993)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Sanz2007). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 83% of Europeans (unseenbio.com).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Scardovi1971); (Bahaka1993);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; mucin;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylan; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; gluconate; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • xylose; dextrin; inulin; starch; melezitose; trehalose; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose; mucin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Scardovi1971); (Bahaka1993);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Kheadr2007); (Matteuzzi1983);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; cloxacillin; imipenem; oxacillin; penicillin G; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefoxitin; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; pristinamycin; spiramycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin;
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin; nisin A; rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; nitrofurantoin;
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; lincomycin; pristinamycin; telithromycin;
  • polymyxin B;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Bifidobacteriales Family:  Bifidobacteriaceae Genus:  Bifidobacterium Alt. name:  Bifidobacterium infantis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Sanz2007)
    DNA G+C(%):  60.5
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  d(neg) L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d(neg) Turanose:  vr Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  d Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  d Starch:  d Pectin:  neg Xylan:  d(+) Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  d Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg GluGluAA:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    Acetate

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    Augmentin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  Sens
    cloxacillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.4, MIC90: 0.86, RNG: (0.10-1.5)
    piperacillin:  Sens
    ticarcillin:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    cefotetan:  Sens
    cefoxitin:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  R(MIC50): 52, MIC90: 104, RNG: (1.5-200)
    kanamycin:  R(>200)
    neomycin:  R(MIC50): 118, MIC90: 275, RNG: (20-400)
    streptomycin:  R(50->1500)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): <0.3, MIC90: 0.60, RNG: (0.3-0.70)
    pristinamycin:  Sens
    spiramycin:  Sens
    telithromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    gatifloxacin:  Sens
    nalidixic-acid:  R(400)
    ofloxacin:  Var
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  S(vr)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 3.7, MIC90: 77, RNG: (2.0-150)
    teicoplanin:  Sens
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.48, MIC90: 0.75, RNG: (0.30-3.0)
    bacitracin:  S(MIC50): 0.15, MIC90: 0.50, RNG: (0.05-0.60)
    nisin_A:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2.6, MIC90: 4.3, RNG: (2.0-5.0)
    metronidazole:  R(>500)
    nitrofurantoin:  S(MIC50): <15, MIC90: 21, RNG: (15-30)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.38, MIC90: 0.66, RNG: (0.05-0.70)
    lincomycin:  S(MIC50): 1.5, MIC90: 3.2, RNG: (0.30-5.0)
    polymyxin_B:  R(>1000)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM SUBSP. INFANTIS
  • Kheadr2007 - Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bifidobacteria as Affected by Oxgall, Acid, and Hydrogen Peroxide Stress.
  • Mattarelli2008 - Proposal to reclassify the three biotypes of Bifidobacterium longum as three subspecies: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum subsp. nov., Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis comb. nov. and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis comb. nov.
  • Matteuzzi1983 - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bifidobacterium.
  • Scardovi1971 - Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology Relationships Among Species of the Genus Bifidobacterium
  • Salyers1977 - Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon
  • Bode2012 - Human milk oligosaccharides: every baby needs a sugar mama
  • Bojovic2020 - Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated With Altered Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Ignacio2016 - Correlation between body mass index and faecal microbiota from children
  • Bahaka1993 - Phenotypic and genomic analyses of human strains belonging or related to Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Bifidobacterium breve.
  • Sakata2002 - Unification of Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium suis as Bifidobacterium longum.
  • Mitsuoka1990 - Bifidobacteria and their role in human health.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM SUBSP. INFANTIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Mangin2004 - Molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with Crohn's disease.
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • Pandey2012 - Comparative analysis of fecal microflora of healthy full-term Indian infants born with different methods of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean): Acinetobacter sp. prevalence in vaginally born infants.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM SUBSP. INFANTIS
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Sanz2007 - Differences in faecal bacterial communities in coeliac and healthy children as detected by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
    • Added: July 12, 2021