Blautia producta

(aka Ruminococcus productus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Blautia producta, (aka Ruminococcus productus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 23 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 43-45%. Blautia producta is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Liu2008; Ezaki1994; Murdoch1998; Ezaki2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and septicemia. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • aka peptostreptococcus productus. Can reduce carbon monoxide. Homoacetogens.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Liu2008); (Ezaki1994); (Murdoch1998); (Ezaki2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; fructose; fucose; glucose; mannose; xylose; aesculin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • arabinose; cellubiose; glucose; lactose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; raffinose; sucrose; xylose; H2 consumed; CO2 consumed;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Liu2008); (Ezaki1994); (Murdoch1998); (Ezaki2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate (major);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Liu2021); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; piperacillin-tazobactam; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • neomycin; streptomycin;
  • kanamycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • trimethoprim;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • All ruminococci require fermentable carbohydrates for growth, and their substrate preferences appear to be based on the diet of their particular host. Most ruminococci that have been studied are those capable of degrading cellulose, much less is known about non-cellulolytic non-ruminant-associated species, and even less is known about the environmental distribution of ruminococci as a whole. [PMID: 28348838]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Ruminococcus species are defined as strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile cocci that do not produce endospores and require fermentable carbohydrates for growth (Rainey, 2009b). They were initially described from the isolation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens from the bovine rumen (Sijpesteijn, 1948). Ruminococcus is currently considered a polyphyletic genus, with species members belonging to two separate families: the Ruminococcaceae and the Lachnospiraceae (Rainey & Janssen, 1995). Ruminococcus species are predominantly associated with herbivores and omnivores, relative to carnivores, and that significantly abundant Ruminococcus populations are absent in non-host-associated environments. [PMID: 28348838]

  • Moore, WEC & LV Holdeman (1974). Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians. Appl. Microbiol. 27: 961-979.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Lachnospiraceae Genus:  Blautia Alt. name:  Ruminococcus productus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces and septicemia
    DNA G+C(%):  43-45
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Opt. pH:  7
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  d(+) Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Pectin:  neg Xylan:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + Mannitol:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg OrnDC:  + AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  Major(+) Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    Augmentin:  S(≤0.06/0.25)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–8)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–32)
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–128)
    ertapenem:  S(0.06/0.25)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015–0.5)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1–8)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06->32)
    trimethoprim:  Res
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BLAUTIA PRODUCTA
  • Liu2008 - Reclassification of Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus hansenii, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus productus and Ruminococcus schinkii as Blautia coccoides gen. nov., comb. nov., Blautia hansenii comb. nov., Blautia hydrogenotrophica comb. nov., Blautia luti comb. nov., Blautia producta comb. nov., Blautia schinkii comb. nov. and description of Blautia wexlerae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.
  • Liu2021 - A Comprehensive Assessment of the Safety of Blautia producta DSM 2950.
  • Liu2021a - Blautia - a new functional genus with potential probiotic properties?.
  • Salyers1977 - Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon
  • Ridlon2006 - Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
  • Breban2017 - Faecal microbiota study reveals specific dysbiosis in spondyloarthritis
  • Cree2016 - Gut microbiome analysis in neuromyelitis optica reveals overabundance of Clostridium perfringens
  • Gargari2018 - Evidence of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial ecosystem of children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia and the potential role of regular hazelnut intake
  • Hedin2015 - Siblings of patients with Crohn's disease exhibit a biologically relevant dysbiosis in mucosal microbial metacommunities
  • Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
  • Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • Shen2018 - Analysis of gut microbiota diversity and auxiliary diagnosis as a biomarker in patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study
  • Shukla2015 - Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Compared with Healthy Controls Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: An Evidence of Dysbiosis
  • Ventura2019 - Gut microbiome of treatment-naïve MS patients of different ethnicities early in disease course
  • Laue2020 - Prospective associations of the infant gut microbiome and microbial function with social behaviors related to autism at age 3 years
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Ezaki1994 - 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequences of Anaerobic Cocci and Proposal of Ruminococcus hansenii comb. nov. and Ruminococcus productus comb. nov.
  • Murdoch1998 - Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci.
  • Ezaki2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Ruminococcaceae, Genus I. Ruminococcus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BLAUTIA PRODUCTA
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BLAUTIA PRODUCTA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021