Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

(aka Treponema hyodysenteriae)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, (aka Treponema hyodysenteriae), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic, motile, helical-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 25-26%. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Stanton2010Bergey; Ochiai1997; Kinyon1979; Stanton1991)



  • This organism has been recovered from the faeces of pigs and other mammals. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Cholesterol is required and is reduced to cholestanol.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Stanton2010Bergey); (Ochiai1997); (Kinyon1979); (Stanton1991);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 30℃; Grows optimally at 36-42℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; fructose; galactose; glucosamine; glucose; lactose; maltose; mannose; sucrose; trehalose; pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Stanton2010Bergey); (Ochiai1997); (Kinyon1979); (Stanton1991);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; butyrate; CO₂; H₂; indole (most strains);
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Stanton2010Bergey); (Kinyon1979);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Spirochaetes Class:  Spirochaetia Order:  Brachyspirales Family:  Brachyspiraceae Genus:  Brachyspira Alt. name:  Treponema hyodysenteriae Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  microaerophilic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Helical
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  the faeces of pigs and other mammals
    DNA G+C(%):  25-26
    Opt. T:  36-42℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Hippurate:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Glucosamine:  + Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + CO2:  + H2:  + Indole:  d(+)
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(1.25)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BRACHYSPIRA HYODYSENTERIAE
  • Stanton2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Spirochetes. Family Brachyspiraceae, Genus I. Brachyspira
  • Ochiai1997 - Unification of the genera Serpulina and Brachyspira, and proposals of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Comb. Nov., Brachyspira innocens Comb. Nov. and Brachyspira pilosicoli Comb. Nov.
  • Stanton1992 - Proposal to change the genus designation Serpula to Serpulina gen. nov. containing the species Serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpulina innocens comb. nov.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Harris1972 - Inoculation of pigs with Treponema hyodysenteriae (new species) and reproduction of the disease.
  • Kinyon1979 - Treponema innocens, a New Species of Intestinal Bacteria, and Emended Description of the Type Strain of Treponema hyodysenteriae Harris et al.
  • Stanton1991 - Reclassification of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens in a new genus, Serpula gen. nov., as Serpula hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpula innocens comb. nov.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BRACHYSPIRA HYODYSENTERIAE
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: March 18, 2022