Brevibacillus agri

(aka Bacillus agri)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Brevibacillus agri, (aka Bacillus agri), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 53%. Brevibacillus agri is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Nakamura1997; Shida1996; Takagi1993; Logan2011bBergey; Nakamura1993)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Hoyles2012), soil, water and clinical specimens. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Nakamura1997); (Shida1996); (Takagi1993); (Logan2011bBergey); (Nakamura1993);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; DNA; hippurate; tyrosine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; doesn't tolerate 3.0% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 50℃; Grows optimally at 28℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • ethanolamine; fructose; glucose; glycerol; isomaltose; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; sucrose; trehalose; alanine; D-alanine; proline; serine; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketoglutarate; L-malate; phenylacetate; succinate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • inositol; methyl-α-glucoside; tyrosine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Nakamura1997); (Takagi1993); (Logan2011bBergey); (Nakamura1993);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • Lysozyme:
  • inhibited (0.001%)
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Takagi1993);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • gramicidin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

  • Pfleiderer, A., Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Vialettes, B., & Raoult, D. (2013). Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(11), 1471–1481.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Brevibacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus agri Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Hoyles2012), soil, water and clinical specimens
    DNA G+C(%):  53
    Opt. T:  28℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    High T(℃):  50(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3.0(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7.0
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  vr Starch:  neg Casein:  + Alginate:  neg DNA:  + Tyrosine:  + Hippurate:  + Tween:  60(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d(+) Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  w Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  w(neg) Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  w(neg) Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  w(neg) Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Isomaltose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Ethanolamine:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  d Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  d Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  + Trp:  neg Tyr:  d Citrate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg L-Malate:  + Mucate:  neg Phenylacetate:  + Propionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  neg Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    neomycin:  Var(MIC50): 50; disc), MIC90: Var(50; disc
    erythromycin:  S(20; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    gramicidin:  R(50; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BREVIBACILLUS AGRI
  • Nakamura1997 - Reclassification of Bacillus pulvifaciens Group II as Brevibacillus agri.
  • Shida1996 - Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.
  • Takagi1993 - Characterization of Bacillus brevis with Descriptions of Bacillus migulanus sp. nov., Bacillus choshinensis sp. nov., Bacillus parabrevis sp. nov., and Bacillus galactophilus sp. nov.
  • Logan2011bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus IV. Brevibacillus
  • Nakamura1993 - DNA Relatedness of Bacillus brevis Migula 1900 Strains and Proposal of Bacillus agri sp. nov., nom. rev., and Bacillus centrosporus sp. nov., nom. rev.
  • Shida1994a - Bacillus galactophilus Is a Later Subjective Synonym of Bacillus agri.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BREVIBACILLUS AGRI
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BREVIBACILLUS AGRI
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
    • Added: April 08, 2021