Brevibacillus formosus

(aka Bacillus formosus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Brevibacillus formosus, (aka Bacillus formosus), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 46.8-47.2%. Brevibacillus formosus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Shida1996; Logan2011bBergey; Shida1995)



  • This organism has been recovered from soil, pig faeces compost and chicken faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shida1996); (Logan2011bBergey); (Shida1995);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; DNA; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 2.0% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.6; Grows optimally at pH 7.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; doesn't grow at 50℃; Grows optimally at 30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; D-tagatose; maltose; glycerol; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; ethanolamine; fructose; glucose; glycerol; isomaltose; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; melezitose; ribose; sucrose; trehalose; alanine; D-alanine; proline; serine; tyrosine; acetate; citrate; fumarate; glutarate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketogluconate; 2-ketoglutarate; L-malate; succinate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • gluconate; aspartate; phenylacetate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Logan2011bBergey); (Shida1995);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed (0.001%)
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Brevibacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus formosus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  soil, pig faeces compost and chicken faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  46.8-47.2
    Opt. T:  30℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  50(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.6(+)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  + DNA:  + Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  d(+) Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Isomaltose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Ethanolamine:  + Gluconate:  d Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Asp:  d Pro:  + Ser:  + Trp:  neg Tyr:  + Acetate:  + Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  + DL-Glycerate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  neg L-Malate:  + Mucate:  neg Phenylacetate:  d Propionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BREVIBACILLUS FORMOSUS
  • Shida1996 - Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.
  • Logan2011bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus IV. Brevibacillus
  • Shida1995 - Proposal of Bacillus reuszeri sp. nov., Bacillus formosus sp. nov., nom. rev., and Bacillus borstelensis sp. nov., nom. rev.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BREVIBACILLUS FORMOSUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BREVIBACILLUS FORMOSUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 22, 2021