Brevibacillus parabrevis

(aka Bacillus parabrevis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Brevibacillus parabrevis, (aka Bacillus parabrevis), is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 51-52%. Brevibacillus parabrevis is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Shida1996; Logan2011bBergey; Takagi1993; Rossi2016; Vancanneyt2006)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources and cheese. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shida1996); (Logan2011bBergey); (Takagi1993); (Vancanneyt2006);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; DNA; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 2(d)%;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; strain-variable at 50(d);
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; ribose; maltose; trehalose; D-turanose; glycerol; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; ethanolamine; gluconate; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; methyl-α-glucoside; sucrose; trehalose; alanine; D-alanine; proline; serine; citrate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; phenylacetate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • glucosamine; melezitose; tyrosine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-galactosidase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Logan2011bBergey); (Takagi1993);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Takagi1993);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Brevibacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus parabrevis Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources and cheese
    DNA G+C(%):  51-52
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  50(d)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(d)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  + DNA:  + Tween:  60(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Ribose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Maltose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  + NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  d Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Ethanolamine:  + Gluconate:  + Glucosamine:  d Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Betaine:  neg Histamine:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  + Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  d Acetate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg L-Malate:  neg Mucate:  neg Phenylacetate:  + Phenylpropionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  neg Succinate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    neomycin:  Var(MIC50): 50; disc), MIC90: Var(50; disc
    erythromycin:  S(20; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BREVIBACILLUS PARABREVIS
  • Shida1996 - Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.
  • Logan2011bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus IV. Brevibacillus
  • Takagi1993 - Characterization of Bacillus brevis with Descriptions of Bacillus migulanus sp. nov., Bacillus choshinensis sp. nov., Bacillus parabrevis sp. nov., and Bacillus galactophilus sp. nov.
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Vancanneyt2006 - Reclassification of Lactobacillus brevis strains LMG 11494 and LMG 11984 as Lactobacillus parabrevis sp. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BREVIBACILLUS PARABREVIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • Added: January 14, 2022