Brochothrix thermosphacta

(aka Microbacterium thermosphactum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Brochothrix thermosphacta, (aka Microbacterium thermosphactum), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38%. Brochothrix thermosphacta is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Sneath2011Bergey; Wade2011Bergey; McLean1953)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Grows poorly at 37C, so unlikely a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Sneath2011Bergey); (Wade2011Bergey); (McLean1953);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6.5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 9; Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 0℃; doesn't grow at 37℃; Grows optimally at 20-22℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; D-tagatose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; dulcitol; mannitol; β-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; His arylamidase; β-mannosidase; Phe arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Sneath2011Bergey); (Wade2011Bergey); (McLean1953);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate (major);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Sneath2011Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; cloxacillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • oxytetracycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;

  • Walker, A. W., Sanderson, J. D., Churcher, C., Parkes, G. C., Hudspith, B. N., Rayment, N., Brostoff, J., Parkhill, J., Dougan, G., & Petrovska, L. (2011). High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Microbiology, 11, 7.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Caryophanales Family:  Listeriaceae Genus:  Brochothrix Alt. name:  Microbacterium thermosphactum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38
    Opt. T:  20-22℃
    Low T(℃):  0(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(+)
    Opt. pH:  7
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  vr Arginine:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  neg curdle Tween:  20(neg) 40(neg) 60(vr) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  vr Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  vr Melibiose:  w Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  vr Starch:  neg Adonitol:  w D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  w Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  vr Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  vr Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg HisAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg PheAA:  + DNAse:  neg Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  Major(+) H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(64)
    cloxacillin:  Res
    amikacin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  S(8)
    tobramycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  R(32-512)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(2)
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    oxytetracycline:  R(124)
    tetracycline:  R(64-128)
    chloramphenicol:  R(32-256)
    novobiocin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BROCHOTHRIX THERMOSPHACTA
  • Sneath2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Listeriaceae, Genus II. Brochothrix
  • Wade2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Erysipelotrichaceae, Genus III. Bulleidia
  • McLean1953 - Microbacterium Thermosphactum, spec nov: A Nonheat Resistant Bacterium from Fresh Pork Sausage.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BROCHOTHRIX THERMOSPHACTA
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BROCHOTHRIX THERMOSPHACTA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021