Bulleidia extructa

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Bulleidia extructa is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38%. Bulleidia extructa is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Downes2000)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and oral cavity. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Downes2000);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • arginine;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 42℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; maltose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Downes2000);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate; succinate (trace);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Erysipelotrichia Order:  Erysipelotrichales Family:  Erysipelotrichaceae Genus:  Bulleidia Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and oral cavity
    DNA G+C(%):  38
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    High T(℃):  42(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  neg
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Succinate:  trace(+) H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  S(5; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BULLEIDIA EXTRUCTA
  • Downes2000 - Bulleidia extructa gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the oral cavity.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BULLEIDIA EXTRUCTA
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BULLEIDIA EXTRUCTA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021