Burkholderia gladioli

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Burkholderia gladioli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 67.9%. Burkholderia gladioli is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Yabuuchi1992; Coenye1999; Garrity2005aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from cystic fibrosis patients. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: plant pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Yabuuchi1992); (Coenye1999); (Garrity2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; tyrosine; urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 3% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 42℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; inulin; melibiose; trehalose; adonitol; dulcitol; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • cellubiose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; adonitol; L-arabinose; dulcitol; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; mannose; ribose; sorbitol; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; β-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; 2-aminobutyrate; arginine; aspartate; betaine; cysteine; glutamate; glycine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; norleucine; ornithine; phenylalanine; proline; sarcosine; serine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosine; valine; acetate; aconitate; adipate; azelate; benzoate; butyrate; caprate; caprylate; citraconate; citrate; fumarate; heptanoate; isobutyrate; 2-ketogluconate; 2-ketoglutarate; DL-lactate; levulinate; nonanoate; propionate; pyruvate; sebacate; succinate; L-tartrate; meso-tartrate; valerate; glutamine; norvaline; 2-aminobenzoate; D-malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; lecithinase; oxidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Yabuuchi1992); (Coenye1999); (Garrity2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • KCN growth:
  • inhibited
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Betaproteobacteria Order:  Burkholderiales Family:  Burkholderiaceae Genus:  Burkholderia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  cystic fibrosis patients
    DNA G+C(%):  67.9
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  42(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  d(+) Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  + DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  + Tween:  20(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Inulin:  + Adonitol:  + Dulcitol:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Ethanol:  + Gluconate:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  + Amygdalin:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  + Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  + Asp:  + Betaine:  + L-Citrulline:  neg Cys:  + Glu:  + Gly:  + Histamine:  neg His:  neg Ile:  + Leu:  + Lys:  + Norleucine:  + Orn:  + Phe:  + Pro:  + Sarcosine:  + Ser:  + Thr:  + Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  + Tyr:  + Val:  + Acetate:  + Aconitate:  + Adipate:  + Azelate:  + Benzoate:  + Butyrate:  + Caprate:  + Caproate:  neg Caprylate:  + Citraconate:  + Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg Glycerate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg Heptanoate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Isobutyrate:  + Isovalerate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  + L-Malate:  neg Maleate:  neg Malonate:  neg L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Nonanoate:  + Phenylacetate:  neg Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Sebacate:  + Suberate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  + Valerate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  d(+) β-Galactosidase:  neg ArgDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Lecithinase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BURKHOLDERIA GLADIOLI
  • Yabuuchi1992 - Proposal of Burkholderia gen. nov. and transfer of seven species of the genus Pseudomonas homology group II to the new genus, with the type species Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni and Holmes 1981) comb. nov.
  • Coenye1999 - Burkholderia cocovenenans (van Damme et al. 1960) Gillis et al. 1995 and Burkholderia vandii Urakami et al. 1994 are junior synonyms of Burkholderia gladioli (Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993 and Burkholderia plantarii (Azegami et al. 1987) Urakami et al. 1994, respectively.
  • Garrity2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Burkholderiaceae, Genus I. Burkholderia
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BURKHOLDERIA GLADIOLI
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: March 18, 2022