Burkholderia mallei

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Burkholderia mallei is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. The DNA G+C content is 69%. Burkholderia mallei is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Garrity2005aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from horses (parasite). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 3, i.e., high risk of individual infection, and some risk of spread (notes: can be passed from animals to humans). This is a dangerous pathogen. It's gut microbiome symbiotic status is unknown.
    • QUIRKS
  • Cause of glanders disease in horses and has a high mortality rate in humans if not treated.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Garrity2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • arginine; gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • starch;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; arabinose; cellubiose; D-fucose; galactose; glucose; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; sucrose; trehalose; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; β-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; arginine; aspartate; betaine; glutamate; glycine; hippurate; histidine; threonine; tryptamine; tyrosine; acetate; adipate; benzoate; fumarate; glycerate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; 2-ketoglutarate; lactate; L-malate; phenylacetate; propionate; pyruvate; quinate; succinate; glutamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; gluconate; maltose; mannose; salicin; starch; 2-aminobutyrate; δ-aminovalerate; phenylalanine; proline; sarcosine; serine; trigonelline; valine; azelate; butyrate; caprylate; citrate; glutarate; 2-ketogluconate; malonate; pimelate; suberate; D-malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Garrity2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Macrolides:
  • roxithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Betaproteobacteria Order:  Burkholderiales Family:  Burkholderiaceae Genus:  Burkholderia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  horses (parasite)
    DNA G+C(%):  69
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    		Gelatin:  + Starch:  d Arginine:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  d Fructose:  d Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  d Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  + Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Methanol:  neg Propanol:  neg Salicin:  d Sorbitol:  + Starch:  d Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  d Arg:  + Asp:  + Betaine:  + L-Citrulline:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  + Hippurate:  + Histamine:  neg His:  + Ile:  neg DL-Kynurenine:  neg Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Norleucine:  neg Phe:  d Pro:  d Sarcosine:  d Ser:  d Thr:  + Trigonelline:  d Tryptamine:  + Tyr:  + Val:  d Acetate:  + Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  + Azelate:  d Benzoate:  + Butyrate:  d Caprate:  neg Caproate:  neg Caprylate:  d Citraconate:  neg Citrate:  d Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  d Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  neg Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Isobutyrate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  d 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Lactate:  + Levulinate:  neg L-Malate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  d L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Mucate:  neg Phenol:  neg Phenylacetate:  + Pimelate:  d Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  + Saccharate:  neg Sebacate:  neg Suberate:  d Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + ArgDH:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 4-16), MIC90: Var(4-16
    roxithromycin:  R(32)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  SensRNG: (0.5-1)
    oxytetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 16-32), MIC90: Var(16-32

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI
  • Garrity2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Burkholderiaceae, Genus I. Burkholderia
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
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    • Added: October 10, 2022