Butyricimonas virosa

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Butyricimonas virosa is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 42.3%. Butyricimonas virosa is a common gut coloniser. (Sakamoto2009; Roy2019a; Sakamoto2014a)



  • This organism has been recovered from rat faeces and human faeces (Alkhalil2017). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 81% of Europeans (unseenbio.com).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Sakamoto2009); (Roy2019a); (Sakamoto2014a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0-2.2% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 0-3.5% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.5; tolerates pH 7.5;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 38℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; lactose; glycerol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; catalase; fucosidase; β-galactosidase; glutamic acid decarboxylase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Sakamoto2009);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate; butyrate (major); isobutyrate (major); succinate; isovalerate (major); indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Donder2019);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; meropenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • NOTES

    This is a recently discovered species found in the human gut.

    Fuel sources used:
    It can use limited types of simple sugars and protein for energy.

    Metabolites produced:
    Our genomic analysis indicates that most members of this species can produce the following metabolites: acetate, butyrate, GABA, LPS, propionate, succinate, cobalamin, folate, biotin, riboflavin.

    Metabolites consumed:
    In addition, our genomic analysis indicates that most members of this species do not consume any reported metabolites.

  • References: [1]

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Odoribacteraceae Genus:  Butyricimonas Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  rat faeces and human faeces (Alkhalil2017)
    DNA G+C(%):  42.3
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    Mid T(℃):  38(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0-2.2(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7.5(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  0-3.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg L-Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  + AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  + GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  d PyrogluAA:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Butyrate:  Major(+) Isobutyrate:  Major(+) Succinate:  + Isovalerate:  Major(+) Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(clinic)
    ampicillin:  S(clinic)
    amp-sulb:  S(clinic)
    piper-taz:  S(clinic)
    meropenem:  S(clinic)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  S(clinic)
    metronidazole:  S(clinic)
    clindamycin:  S(clinic)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR BUTYRICIMONAS VIROSA
  • Donder2019 - A subcutaneous infection mimicking necrotizing fasciitis due to Butyricimonas virosa.
  • Sakamoto2009 - Butyricimonas synergistica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Butyricimonas virosa sp. nov., butyric acid-producing bacteria in the family 'Porphyromonadaceae' isolated from rat faeces.
  • Roy2019a - Butyricimonas faecalis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and emended description of the genus Butyricimonas 2.
  • Sakamoto2014a - Butyricimonas faecihominis sp. nov. and Butyricimonas paravirosa sp. nov., isolated from human faeces, and emended description of the genus Butyricimonas.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR BUTYRICIMONAS VIROSA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR BUTYRICIMONAS VIROSA
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: February 08, 2021