Campylobacter rectus

(aka Wolinella recta)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Campylobacter rectus, (aka Wolinella recta), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 42-46%. Campylobacter rectus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Vandamme1991; VanDamme2005Bergey; Liu2018a; Tanner1981)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and dental diseases. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: zoonotic pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vandamme1991); (VanDamme2005Bergey); (Tanner1981);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 2.0(d)%;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 25℃; strain-variable at 42(d);
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glycine; formate; fumarate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • esterase C4;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (VanDamme2005Bergey); (Tanner1981);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • succinate (major); H₂S; H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (AlmaguerFlores2006); (VanDamme2005Bergey); (Tanner1981);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; colistin; polymyxin B;
  • NOTES

    Media containing 1% glycine supports growth.

  • Bacterium Selenite reduction H2S/TSI Nitrate reduction Oxidase Catalase Indoxyl acetate hydrolysis
    Campylobacter coli + d + + + +
    Campylobacter upsaliensis + neg + + neg +
    Campylobacter rectus + neg + + d +
    Campylobacter showae + d + d + neg
    Campylobacter concisus d neg d d neg neg
    Campylobacter curvus neg d + + neg d
    Campylobacter gracilis neg neg d neg d d
    Campylobacter hominis neg neg neg + neg neg

  • Wexler, H. M., Reeves, D., Summanen, P. H., Molitoris, E., McTeague, M., Duncan, J., Wilson, K. H., & Finegold, S. M. (1996). Sutterella wadsworthensis gen. nov., sp. nov., bile-resistant microaerophilic Campylobacter gracilis-like clinical isolates. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 46(1), 252–258.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Epsilonproteobacteria Order:  Campylobacterales Family:  Campylobacteraceae Genus:  Campylobacter Alt. name:  Wolinella recta Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and dental diseases
    DNA G+C(%):  42-46
    Lower T(℃):  25(neg)
    High T(℃):  42(d)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(d)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Gly:  + Hippurate:  neg Formate:  + Fumarate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg GluDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  vr Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Succinate:  Major(+) H2S:  + H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(1)
    Augmentin:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.06->8)
    penicillin:  SensRNG: (≤0.25-4)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03->64)
    cefalexin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2->32)
    gentamicin:  SensRNG: (1-2)
    kanamycin:  SensRNG: (≤0.25-1)
    neomycin:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16
    streptomycin:  SensRNG: (0.5-4)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.5, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    nalidixic-acid:  Var(MIC50): 16-128), MIC90: Var(16-128
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(0.5)
    minocycline:  SensRNG: (≤0.25-2)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-2)
    vancomycin:  R(>128)
    bacitracin:  R(64->128)
    rifampicin:  Var(MIC50): 2), MIC90: Var(2
    chloramphenicol:  SensRNG: (1-2)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25-4)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125-4)
    colistin:  SensRNG: (≤0.25-1)
    polymyxin_B:  SensRNG: (≤0.25-1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CAMPYLOBACTER RECTUS
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Vandamme1991 - Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella Taxonomy: Emendation of Generic Descriptions and Proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov.
  • VanDamme2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Campylobacteraceae, Genus I. Campylobacter
  • Liu2018a - The Clinical Importance of Campylobacter concisus and Other Human Hosted Campylobacter Species.
  • Tanner1981 - Wolinella gen. nov., Wolinella succinogenes (Vibrio succinogenes Wolin et al.) comb. nov., and Description of Bacteroides gracilis sp. nov., Wolinella recta sp. nov., Campylobacter concisus sp. nov., and Eikenella corrodens from Humans with Periodontal Disease.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CAMPYLOBACTER RECTUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CAMPYLOBACTER RECTUS
  • VanDamme2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Campylobacteraceae, Genus I. Campylobacter
  • VanDamme2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Campylobacteraceae, Genus II. Arcobacter
    • Added: April 08, 2021